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Category:Pseudomonas and Burkholderia species (view source)
Revision as of 19:40, 14 May 2010
, 19:40, 14 May 2010Created page with '{{review}} ===Overview=== *Organisms found in soil and water worldwide *''Burkholderia mallei'' causes glanders; roden…'
{{review}}
===Overview===
*Organisms found in soil and water worldwide
*''Burkholderia mallei'' causes [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Glanders|glanders]]; rodents act as reservoir of infection
*''Burkholderia pseudomallei'' causes meliodosis
*''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'', found on skin, mucous membranes and in faeces, causes opportunistic infections
===Characteristics===
*Gram-negative rods
*Obligate aerobes
*Oxidase and catalase positive
*''Pseudomonas'' species and ''Burkholderia pseudomallei'' motile by polar flagellae
*''Burkholderia mallei'' non-motile
===''[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]''===
===''Burkholderia mallei''===
*Causes [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Glanders|glanders]], a contagious disease of ''Equidae''
*Nodules and ulcers in respiratory tract and on skin
*Largely eradicated but sporadic cases in Middle East, India, China
*Pathogenesis:
**Transmited by ingestion of food/water contaminated by nasal discharge of infected ''Equidae''; occasionally via inhalation or skin wounds
**Organism invades nasopharyngeal mucosa and spreads to other tissues via lymphatics
**Presence of ''B. mallei'' in host causes hypersensitivity reaction
*Clinical infections:
**Acute septicaemic form with fever, mucopurulent nasal discharge and respiratory signs; death within weeks
**Chronic disease more common:
***Nasal form: [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of rhinitis|rhinitis]]; ulcerative nodules develop on mucosa of nasal septum and lower part of turbinates; purulent blood-stained nasal discharge; regional lymphadenitis
***Respiratory form: respiratory distress; granulomatous lesions throughout lungs
***Cutaneous form (farcy): lymphangitis; nodules along lymphatic vesselsof limbs; ulcers develop and discharge pus
***May die after several months or recover and shed organisms from respiratory tract or skin
**Carnivores may contract disease by eating infected carcasses
*Diagnosis:
**Specimens include discharges from lesions and blood for serology
**Grows on media containing 1% glycerol; most strains are non-lactose fermenters on MacConkey agar
**Complement fixation and agglutination
**Serology
**Mallein test: mallein injected intradermally below lower eyelid; local swelling and discharge indicates positive reation
*Treatment/control:
**Test and slaughter policy where disease exotic
**Disinfection of contaminated areas using formalin or an iodophor
===''Burkholderia pseudomallei===
*Causes [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Melioidosis (Pseudoglanders)|melioidosis]] - endemic in Asia and Australia
*Primarily infects rodents
*Pathogenesis:
**Infection via ingestion, inhalation or skin wounds from environment
**Exotoxin, dermonecrotic protease and lecithinase implicated in pathogenicity
**Strain virulence and host immunosuppression important
*Clinical infections:
**Opportunistic infection with stress and immunosuppression predisposing to disease
**Abscesses develop in many organs including lungs, spleen, liver, joints, CNS, upper respiratory tract
**Chronic, debilitating, progressive disease with long incubation period
**Many animal species susceptible
**Referred to as pseudoglanders in horses
*Diagnosis:
**Specimens: pus from abscesses, affected tissues, blood
**Fluorescent antibody technique on tissue smears
**Blood agar and MacConkey agar plates, incubated aerobically
**Colonies have musty smell
**Lactose fermentation on MacConkey
**Slide agglutination
**ELISA, complement fixation and indirect haemagglutination tests for serum antibodies
*Treatment/control: slaughter of infected animals where exotic
[[Category:Pseudomonas and Burkholderia species]][[Category:Gram_negative_bacteria]][[Category:Rods]]
===Overview===
*Organisms found in soil and water worldwide
*''Burkholderia mallei'' causes [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Glanders|glanders]]; rodents act as reservoir of infection
*''Burkholderia pseudomallei'' causes meliodosis
*''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'', found on skin, mucous membranes and in faeces, causes opportunistic infections
===Characteristics===
*Gram-negative rods
*Obligate aerobes
*Oxidase and catalase positive
*''Pseudomonas'' species and ''Burkholderia pseudomallei'' motile by polar flagellae
*''Burkholderia mallei'' non-motile
===''[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]''===
===''Burkholderia mallei''===
*Causes [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Glanders|glanders]], a contagious disease of ''Equidae''
*Nodules and ulcers in respiratory tract and on skin
*Largely eradicated but sporadic cases in Middle East, India, China
*Pathogenesis:
**Transmited by ingestion of food/water contaminated by nasal discharge of infected ''Equidae''; occasionally via inhalation or skin wounds
**Organism invades nasopharyngeal mucosa and spreads to other tissues via lymphatics
**Presence of ''B. mallei'' in host causes hypersensitivity reaction
*Clinical infections:
**Acute septicaemic form with fever, mucopurulent nasal discharge and respiratory signs; death within weeks
**Chronic disease more common:
***Nasal form: [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of rhinitis|rhinitis]]; ulcerative nodules develop on mucosa of nasal septum and lower part of turbinates; purulent blood-stained nasal discharge; regional lymphadenitis
***Respiratory form: respiratory distress; granulomatous lesions throughout lungs
***Cutaneous form (farcy): lymphangitis; nodules along lymphatic vesselsof limbs; ulcers develop and discharge pus
***May die after several months or recover and shed organisms from respiratory tract or skin
**Carnivores may contract disease by eating infected carcasses
*Diagnosis:
**Specimens include discharges from lesions and blood for serology
**Grows on media containing 1% glycerol; most strains are non-lactose fermenters on MacConkey agar
**Complement fixation and agglutination
**Serology
**Mallein test: mallein injected intradermally below lower eyelid; local swelling and discharge indicates positive reation
*Treatment/control:
**Test and slaughter policy where disease exotic
**Disinfection of contaminated areas using formalin or an iodophor
===''Burkholderia pseudomallei===
*Causes [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Melioidosis (Pseudoglanders)|melioidosis]] - endemic in Asia and Australia
*Primarily infects rodents
*Pathogenesis:
**Infection via ingestion, inhalation or skin wounds from environment
**Exotoxin, dermonecrotic protease and lecithinase implicated in pathogenicity
**Strain virulence and host immunosuppression important
*Clinical infections:
**Opportunistic infection with stress and immunosuppression predisposing to disease
**Abscesses develop in many organs including lungs, spleen, liver, joints, CNS, upper respiratory tract
**Chronic, debilitating, progressive disease with long incubation period
**Many animal species susceptible
**Referred to as pseudoglanders in horses
*Diagnosis:
**Specimens: pus from abscesses, affected tissues, blood
**Fluorescent antibody technique on tissue smears
**Blood agar and MacConkey agar plates, incubated aerobically
**Colonies have musty smell
**Lactose fermentation on MacConkey
**Slide agglutination
**ELISA, complement fixation and indirect haemagglutination tests for serum antibodies
*Treatment/control: slaughter of infected animals where exotic
[[Category:Pseudomonas and Burkholderia species]][[Category:Gram_negative_bacteria]][[Category:Rods]]