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Category:Fungi (view source)

Revision as of 13:05, 21 May 2010

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==Introduction==
 
==Introduction==
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Fungi are abundant in soil, vegetation, water and on decaying material and wood. Fungi have a eukaryotic cell structure and are able to grow as branching or filamentous forms (mycelia) or as single cells (yeasts).
 
Fungi are abundant in soil, vegetation, water and on decaying material and wood. Fungi have a eukaryotic cell structure and are able to grow as branching or filamentous forms (mycelia) or as single cells (yeasts).
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Although there are over 50,000 identified species of fungi, only a few hundred are known to be pathogenic, causing infections known as '''mycoses''' (mycology being the study of fungi). Fungi are nonphotosynthetic organisms (lack chlorophyll) which are restricted to a parasitic or saprophytic existence. They are abundant in soil, vegetation, water and on decaying vegetation and wood. Fungi have a eukaryotic cell structure and are able to grow as branching or filamentous forms (mycelia) or as single cells (yeasts).
 
Although there are over 50,000 identified species of fungi, only a few hundred are known to be pathogenic, causing infections known as '''mycoses''' (mycology being the study of fungi). Fungi are nonphotosynthetic organisms (lack chlorophyll) which are restricted to a parasitic or saprophytic existence. They are abundant in soil, vegetation, water and on decaying vegetation and wood. Fungi have a eukaryotic cell structure and are able to grow as branching or filamentous forms (mycelia) or as single cells (yeasts).
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<big>'''[[Fungal Structure]]
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'''[[Types of Fungi]]
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'''[[Fungal Reproduction]]
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'''[[Immunity to Fungi]]</big>
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=Major pathogenic fungi=
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'''Superficial''': These infections affect only the skin, hair, nails etc.
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*Generally not dangerous
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*Examples- ''Hortaea werneckii'', causing tinea nigra, and ''Piedraia hortae'', causing black piedra
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'''Cutaneous''': including [[Dermatophytosis|'''dermatophytoses''']]
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*Only affect superficial keratinized tissue- skin, hair and nails
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*Again generally not dangerous
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*Examples- ''Candida albicans'', causing candidiasis of the skin and nails and ''Microsporum'' species
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[[Subcutaneous Mycoses|'''Subcutaneous''']]: Usually cause chronic localised infections of the skin and underlying dermis
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*Normally reside in soil and vegetation, entering the skin through cuts and grazes
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*Can occasionally affect the deep tissues, e.g. bones and muscles
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*Examples- ''Sporothrix schenkii'', causing sporotrichosis, ''Madurella mycetomatis''  causing mycetoma
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[[Systemic Mycoses|'''Systemic''']]: Also known as '''deep''', '''endemic''' or '''primary'''
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*Usually serious
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*Sometimes fatal
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*Examples- ''Histoplasma capsulatum'' causing histoplasmosis, ''Blastomyces dermatitidis''causing blastomycosis
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'''Opportunistic''': Ubiquitous fungi that affect only susceptible hosts; immunocompetent individuals are normally resistant
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*Examples- ''Aspergillus fumigatus'', causing aspergilliosis, ''Cryptococcus neoformans'', causing cryptococcosis
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=Further Links=
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*[[Fungi Flashcards - WikiBugs|Fungi Flashcards]]
      
==References==
 
==References==
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