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**Enlarged submandibular lymph nodes
**Enlarged submandibular lymph nodes
*Secondary bacterial infection can follow defective muco-ciliary transport, eg ''Streptococcus zooepidemicus''
*Secondary bacterial infection can follow defective muco-ciliary transport, eg ''Streptococcus zooepidemicus''
===Diagnosis===
===Diagnosis===
*Virus isolation: Deep nasal swabs (12 inches) deposited into 10ml of transport medium and transported at 4C
*Virus isolation: Deep nasal swabs (12 inches) deposited into 10ml of transport medium and transported at 4C
***The course consists of a primary inoculation followed by a second within 21-92 days and a third after a further 150-215 days
***The course consists of a primary inoculation followed by a second within 21-92 days and a third after a further 150-215 days
***Boosters are given annually to maintain immunity, and in the event a year is missed the initial course of three jabs must be repeated
***Boosters are given annually to maintain immunity, and in the event a year is missed the initial course of three jabs must be repeated
*Causative agent: [[Orthomyxoviridae]]
*[[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of rhinitis|Rhinitis]],
*Pathogenesis:
**Inhalation -> replication in epithelial cells of upper and lower airways (attaches via haemaglutinin spike and gains entry into cell) -> neuramidase alters efficiency of [[Respiratory System General Introduction - Pathology#Mucociliary escalator|mucociliary apparatus]]
*Sloughing of the affected area
*Severity of signs will depend on dose of virus
*Acute [[Trachea Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of tracheitis|tracheo]][[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|bronchitis]] with coughing, and fever
*May be accompanied by secondary bacterial infections
*No viraemia
*In severe cases may cause [[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Bronchointerstitial pneumonia|bronchointerstitial pneumonia]]
*Secondary invaders are usually [[:Category:Streptococcus species|''Streptococci'']]
[[Category:Orthomyxoviridae]][[Category:Horse]]
[[Category:Orthomyxoviridae]][[Category:Horse]]