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**Seen mostly in rodents - [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology|teeth]] may even penetrate through [[Lips - Anatomy & Physiology|lip]].
 
**Seen mostly in rodents - [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology|teeth]] may even penetrate through [[Lips - Anatomy & Physiology|lip]].
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==Defence Mechanisms==
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==Developmental Pathology==
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===[[Erythropoietic Porphyra]].===
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===[[Photosensitisation]]===
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===[[Abnormal Wear of Teeth]]===
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===[[Abnormal Numbers of Teeth]]===
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==Infection of teeth==
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===[[Alveolar Periostitis]]===
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==Granulomatous and pyogranulomatous Inflammation==
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===[[Mandibular Osteomyelitis]]===
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===[[Odontoclastic resorptive lesions]]===
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==Eosinophilic Inflammation==
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==Necrotizing Inflammation==
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==Lymphocytic and plasmacytic Inflammation==
   
==Proliferative Pathology==
 
==Proliferative Pathology==
 
===Hyperplastic===
 
===Hyperplastic===
====Focal fibrous hyperplasia<ref name="epulides1"> </ref>====
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====[[Focal fibrous hyperplasia]]====
*44% of cases.
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*Dense collagenous tissue, with ulceration/superficial inflammation
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*Dystrophic calcificaition within the fibrous connective tissue stroma (often highly cellular, with 'young stellate fibroblasts'
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*No odontogenic epithelium seen.
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*Occasional strands of surface epithelium growing down into the stroma.
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*Most of these were previously diagnosed as fibromatous or ossifying epulides.
      
===Neoplastic===
 
===Neoplastic===
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*The stroma contains neoplastic fibroblasts, with varying cellularity.  
 
*The stroma contains neoplastic fibroblasts, with varying cellularity.  
 
*The overlying epitheluim is normal.
 
*The overlying epitheluim is normal.
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<small>
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With thanks to Andrew Jefferies (Cambridge) and Alun Williams (RVC) for providing access to their lecture materials
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</small>
    
====Peripheral ameloblastoma<ref name="epulides1"> </ref>====
 
====Peripheral ameloblastoma<ref name="epulides1"> </ref>====
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*Often infiiltrating into the underlying bone.  
 
*Often infiiltrating into the underlying bone.  
 
*Synonymous with basal cell carcinoma.
 
*Synonymous with basal cell carcinoma.
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<small>
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With thanks to Andrew Jefferies (Cambridge) and Alun Williams (RVC) for providing access to their lecture materials
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</small>
    
====Central ameloblastoma<ref name="epulides1"> </ref>====
 
====Central ameloblastoma<ref name="epulides1"> </ref>====
 
*Different from peripheral ameloblastoma - cystic changes and follicular arrangement of ameloblasts and stellate reticulum cells, resembling the basic structure of the [[Tooth Anatomy - Anatomy & Physiology|enamel organ]].
 
*Different from peripheral ameloblastoma - cystic changes and follicular arrangement of ameloblasts and stellate reticulum cells, resembling the basic structure of the [[Tooth Anatomy - Anatomy & Physiology|enamel organ]].
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<small>
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With thanks to Andrew Jefferies (Cambridge) and Alun Williams (RVC) for providing access to their lecture materials
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</small>
    
==Degenerative Pathology==
 
==Degenerative Pathology==
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==Vascular Pathology==
 
==Vascular Pathology==
 
==References==
 
==References==
<small>
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With thanks to Andrew Jefferies (Cambridge) and Alun Williams (RVC) for providing access to their lecture materials
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<references/>
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</small>
   
==Learning Tools==
 
==Learning Tools==
 
[[Alimentary Flashcards - Pathology#Teeth Flashcards|Teeth Flashcards]]
 
[[Alimentary Flashcards - Pathology#Teeth Flashcards|Teeth Flashcards]]
 
[[Category:Oral_Cavity_and_Gingiva_-_Pathology]]
 
[[Category:Oral_Cavity_and_Gingiva_-_Pathology]]
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