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| | ==Granulomatous and pyogranulomatous Inflammation== | | ==Granulomatous and pyogranulomatous Inflammation== |
| − | ===Actinobacillosis=== | + | ===[[Actinobacillosis]]=== |
| − | *[[Muscles Inflammatory - Pathology#Wooden tongue|"Wooden tongue"]]
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| − | *In cattle - very widespread in world, but rather sporadic, less common now than it was.
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| − | ====Clinical====
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| − | *Seen in youngish animals in beef breed, especially sucklers on poor forage.
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| − | *Starts like [[Picornaviridae#Foot and Mouth Disease Virus|foot and mouth disease]] - dull, salivating (if only one animal is unlikely to foot and mouth). - nearly always sporadic.
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| − | *ongue feels like a big lump of wood especially dorsal part of posterior 2/3rds.
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| − | *Small areas of ulceration are often found on side of [[Oral Cavity - Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]].
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| − | ====Pathogenesis====
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| − | [[Image:woodentongue2.gif|right|thumb|125px|<small><center>'Sulpher body' of Actinobacillosis (Courtesy of Alun Williams (RVC))</center></small>]] | |
| − | *Very similar to [[Teeth - Pathology#Mandibular Osteomyelitis|Mandibular Osteomyelitis]] ("lumpy jaw").
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| − | *'''Causal agent''': [[Actinobacillus lignieresii]] (small gram -ve) gets into [[Oral Cavity - Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] via small abrasions.
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| − | **Pathogen is very widespread in environment.
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| − | *Progressive disease - low virulence but high persistence so animal may stop eating and eventually die but can be treated.
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| − | ====Pathology==== | |
| − | [[Image:Woodentongue1.gif|thumb|125px|<small><center>Fibrous Stroma - Cut Surface of actinobacillosis affected tongue (Courtesy of Alun Williams (RVC))</center></small>]]
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| − | *If cut into [[Oral Cavity - Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]], substance of [[Oral Cavity - Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] changed to fibrous stroma with raised red nodules. (2-3mm across).
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| − | *This lesion is a pyogenic granuloma with central '''sulphur body'''.
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| − | *Can spread from [[Oral Cavity - Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] to other tissues e.g. retropharyngeal [[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph nodes]] and palate.
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| − | *This type of lesion is caused by the host response to the pathogen, rather than directly a pathogen effect.
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| − | =====Other sites=====
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| − | *Occasionally can see generalised infections but more commonly spreads to local lymph nodes of [[Alimentary - Anatomy & Physiology|alimentary tract]].
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| − | *Organism can be inhaled causing [[Actinobacillus lignieresii|actinobacillus pneumonia]].
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| − | *Can affect [[The Rumen - Anatomy & Physiology|rumen]] wall.
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| − | *In skin forms a neoplastic like mass in dermis.
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| | ==Eosinophilic Inflammation== | | ==Eosinophilic Inflammation== |