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| | ==Traumatic Pathology== | | ==Traumatic Pathology== |
| − | ===Impaction=== | + | ===[[Impaction of the Oesophagus]]=== |
| − | {| style="color:darkblue;background-color:#ffffcc;" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1"
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| − | |'''Upper Block'''
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| − | |'''Lower Block'''
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| − | |-
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| − | | Acute vomiting
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| − | | Gradual intestinal distention
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| − | |-
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| − | | Dehydration
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| − | | Mucosal destruction
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| − | |-
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| − | | Alkalosis
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| − | | Toxaemia
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| − | |-
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| − | | Pre-renal azotaemia
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| − | | Peritonitis
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| − | |}
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| − | | |
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| − | *Commonly in cattle, horses and dogs.
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| − | *The most common sites of obstruction are the '''thoracic inlet''', '''the base of the heart''', and the '''hiatus oesophagus''' of the diaphragm, i.e.: the narrowest points.
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| − | | |
| − | ====Clinical Signs====
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| − | ====Horse====
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| − | *With foods that expand in [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]] such as haylage etc.
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| − | *Also seen with whole apples.
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| − | | |
| − | ====Cattle====
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| − | [[Image:Bovimpaction.gif|right|thumb|125px|<small><center>Impaction of a bovine oesophagus (Courtesy of Alun Williams (RVC))</center></small>]]
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| − | *May eat a spherical object that obstructs the [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]] mostly in anterior 1/3rd of [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]] and can often be palpated in live animal.
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| − | *Potatoes can be a cheap source of feed and if fed whole can become stuck in [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]].
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| − | *If obstruction occurs further down can be difficult to diagnose and remove.
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| − | *Cattle develop bloat when [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]] obstructed.
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| − | *Apples fairly easily to dislodge.
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| − | | |
| − | ====Dog====
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| − | *Usually with small bones
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| − | *Animals that feel protective of feed may gulp food down quickly, particularly if given small chops / knuckle bones.
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| − | *Knobbly shape may make bone lodge in [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]], particularly just anterior to heart.
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| − | *Very difficult to dislodge (because of shape).
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| − | *Pressure necrosis occurs very quickly around it and can erode through [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]] within about 24 hours.
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| − | *Small bone may also lodge in [[Duodenum - Anatomy & Physiology|duodenum]] if they pass through the [[Forestomach - Anatomy & Physiology|stomach]].
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| | ===Rupture=== | | ===Rupture=== |