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Category:Intestine - Inflammatory Pathology (view source)
Revision as of 13:16, 1 June 2010
, 13:16, 1 June 2010Created page with '==Introduction== ===Inflammation of the Intestines=== * Inflammation involving small or large intestine is known as '''enteritis'''. ** More specific segments may be involved, …'
==Introduction==
===Inflammation of the Intestines===
* Inflammation involving small or large intestine is known as '''enteritis'''.
** More specific segments may be involved, for example
*** Caecum - typhlitis
*** Colon - colitis
*** Rectum - proctitis
* Enteritis is '''extremely common''', and is usually associated with [[Intestine Diarrhoea - Pathology|diarrhoea]].
** Diarrhoea is the passage of faeces with increased bulk and/or fluid content.
** However, remember that enteritis may occur without diarrhoea, and diarrhoea can occur without enteritis!
* There are very many causes of enteritis - some are outlined in this section.
** Laboratory support is usually required for a comprehensive diagnosis, but we must try to narrow the diagnostic options.
** Diagnosis is aided by noting:
*** Species
*** Age
*** Gross distribution of lesions- i.e. upper or lower small intestine.
*** The effects on the large intestine.
*** The type of mucosal pathology- both grossly and histologically.
===Normal Intestinal Structure===
* The normal intestinal structure consists of:
** The mucosa
*** In the small intestine, the epithelium forms villi and crypts.
**** Epithelium is continuously renewed.
*** Also has associated glands.
** The lamina propria
*** Supportive tissue
** The muscularis mucosae
** The submucosa
** Radial, and then longitudinal, muscle.
** The serosa.
* Damage due to enteritis results in morphological changes to the normal structure, e.g.
** [[Intestines - Enteritis Particularly Associated with Villus Atrophy#Villus Atrophy|Villus atrophy]].
** Apparent elongation of the crypts.
** Various types of inflammatory cell infiltration.
* However, the bowel may remain morphologically normal in some diarrhoeaic conditions.
** For example, in hypersecretory diarrhoea due to some bacterial toxins.
====Types and Causes of Inflammation====
* As with other sections of the [[Alimentary - Anatomy & Physiology|alimentary system]], there several different types of inflammation that occur in the intestines.
* Even quite mild inflammatory lesions can have quite severe effects, especially if they go on for any length of time.
* The major pathological entities are outlined below.
==Inflammation - Contents==
===[[Intestines Catarrhal Enteritis - Pathology|Catarrhal Enteritis]]===
*[[Intestines Catarrhal Enteritis - Pathology#Pathology|Pathology of Catarrhal Enteritis]]
*[[Intestines Catarrhal Enteritis - Pathology#Parasites|Catarrhal Enteritis Caused by Parasites]]
*[[Intestines Catarrhal Enteritis - Pathology#Mixed viral enteritis|Mixed Viral Enteritis]]
** [[Intestines Catarrhal Enteritis - Pathology#Undifferentiated Neonatal Calf Diarrhoea|Undifferentiated Neonatal Calf Diarrhoea]]
** [[Intestines Catarrhal Enteritis - Pathology#Winter Dysentery|Winter Dysentery]]
** [[Intestines Catarrhal Enteritis - Pathology#Transmissible Gastro-Enteritis (TGE)|Transmissible Gastro-Enteritis (TGE)]]
* [[Intestines Catarrhal Enteritis - Pathology#Bacterial enteritis| Bacterial Enteritis]]
** [[Intestines Catarrhal Enteritis - Pathology#Colibacillosis|Colibacillosis]]
** [[Intestines Catarrhal Enteritis - Pathology#"Pulpy Kidney" Disease|Enterotoxaemia - Pulpy Kidney Disease]]
===[[Intestines Ulcerative Enteritis - Pathology|Ulcerative Enteritis]]===
* [[Intestines Ulcerative Enteritis - Pathology#Ulcerative Enteritis|Ulcerative Enteritis]]
* [[Intestines Ulcerative Enteritis - Pathology#Swine Fever|Swine Fever]]
* [[Intestines Ulcerative Enteritis - Pathology#Cyathostomosis|Cyathostomosis]]
===[[Intestines Fibrinous/Haemorrhagic Enteritis - Pathology|Fibrinous/ Haemorrhagic Enteritis]]===
* [[Intestines Fibrinous/Haemorrhagic Enteritis - Pathology#Pathology|Pathology of Fibrinous/ Haemorrhagic Enteritis]]
* [[Intestines Fibrinous/Haemorrhagic Enteritis - Pathology#Salmonellosis|Salmonellosis]]
* [[Intestines Fibrinous/Haemorrhagic Enteritis - Pathology#Swine Dysentery|Swine Dysentery]]
* [[Intestines Fibrinous/Haemorrhagic Enteritis - Pathology#Parvovirus enteritis|Parvovirus Enteritis]]
* [[Intestines Fibrinous/Haemorrhagic Enteritis - Pathology#Bacterial septicaemia and enteritis|Bacterial septicaemia and enteritis]]
** [[Intestines Fibrinous/Haemorrhagic Enteritis - Pathology#Lamb Dysentery (Enterotoxaemia with Blood)|Lamb Dysentery]]
**[[Intestines Fibrinous/Haemorrhagic Enteritis - Pathology#Colitis X|Colitis X]]
===[[Intestines Proliferative Enteritis - Pathology|Proliferative Enteritis]]===
* [[Intestines Proliferative Enteritis - Pathology#Paratuberculosis (Johnes disease)|Paratuberculosis (Johnes Disease)]]
* [[Intestines Proliferative Enteritis - Pathology#Proliferative Enteritis in Other Species|Proliferative Enteritis in Other Species]]
** [[Intestines Proliferative Enteritis - Pathology#Granulomatous Colitis|Granulomatous Colitis]]
** [[Intestines Proliferative Enteritis - Pathology#Porcine Adenomatosis Complex|Porcine Adenomatosis Complex]]
===[[Intestines Granulomatous Enteritis - Pathology|Granulomatous Enteritis]]===
* Paratuberculosis (Johnes Disease) - see under [[Intestines Proliferative Enteritis - Pathology|Proliferative Enteritis]]
* [[Intestines Granulomatous Enteritis - Pathology#Feline Infectious Peritonitis|Feline Infectious Peritonitis]]
===[[Intestines Inflammatory Bowel Disease And Related Conditions - Pathology|Inflammatory Bowel Disease And Related Conditions]]===
* [[Intestines Inflammatory Bowel Disease And Related Conditions - Pathology#Lymphocytic - Plasmacytic Enteritis|Lymphocytic - Plasmacytic Enteritis ]]
* [[Intestines Inflammatory Bowel Disease And Related Conditions - Pathology#Eosinophilic Enteritis|Eosinophilic Enteritis]]
* [[Intestines Inflammatory Bowel Disease And Related Conditions - Pathology#Idiopathic Eosinophilic Enteritis|Idiopathic Eosinophilic Enteritis]]
* [[Intestines Inflammatory Bowel Disease And Related Conditions - Pathology#Granulomatous Enteritis|Granulomatous Enteritis]]
* [[Intestines Inflammatory Bowel Disease And Related Conditions - Pathology#Idiopathic colitis |Idiopathic colitis ]]
* [[Intestines Inflammatory Bowel Disease And Related Conditions - Pathology#Histiocytic Ulcerative Colitis|Histiocytic Ulcerative Colitis]]
* [[Intestines Inflammatory Bowel Disease And Related Conditions - Pathology#Lymphangiectasia|Lymphangiectasia]]
===[[Intestines Enteritis Particularly Associated with Villus Atrophy - Pathology|Villus Atrophy]]===
* [[Intestines Enteritis Particularly Associated with Villus Atrophy - Pathology#Epithelial Renewal|Epithelial Renewal]]
* [[Intestines Enteritis Particularly Associated with Villus Atrophy - Pathology#Villus Atrophy|Villus Atrophy]]
* [[Intestines Enteritis Particularly Associated with Villus Atrophy - Pathology#Enteritis Particularly Associated with Villus Atrophy|Enteritis Particularly Associated with Villus Atrophy]]
** [[Intestines Enteritis Particularly Associated with Villus Atrophy - Pathology#Rotavirus|Rotavirus]]
** [[Intestines Enteritis Particularly Associated with Villus Atrophy - Pathology#Cryptosporidium|Cryptosporidium]]
===[[Intestines Genetic Conditions Causing Enteritis - Pathology|Genetic Conditions Causing Enteritis]]===
* [[Intestines Genetic Conditions Causing Enteritis - Pathology#Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy|Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy]]
===[[Intestines Protein-Losing Diseases - Pathology|Protein-Losing Diseases]]===
* [[Intestines Protein-Losing Diseases - Pathology#Protein-Losing Enteropathy (PLE)|Protein-Losing Enteropathy (PLE)]]
[[Category:Intestines,_Small_and_Large_-_Pathology]]
===Inflammation of the Intestines===
* Inflammation involving small or large intestine is known as '''enteritis'''.
** More specific segments may be involved, for example
*** Caecum - typhlitis
*** Colon - colitis
*** Rectum - proctitis
* Enteritis is '''extremely common''', and is usually associated with [[Intestine Diarrhoea - Pathology|diarrhoea]].
** Diarrhoea is the passage of faeces with increased bulk and/or fluid content.
** However, remember that enteritis may occur without diarrhoea, and diarrhoea can occur without enteritis!
* There are very many causes of enteritis - some are outlined in this section.
** Laboratory support is usually required for a comprehensive diagnosis, but we must try to narrow the diagnostic options.
** Diagnosis is aided by noting:
*** Species
*** Age
*** Gross distribution of lesions- i.e. upper or lower small intestine.
*** The effects on the large intestine.
*** The type of mucosal pathology- both grossly and histologically.
===Normal Intestinal Structure===
* The normal intestinal structure consists of:
** The mucosa
*** In the small intestine, the epithelium forms villi and crypts.
**** Epithelium is continuously renewed.
*** Also has associated glands.
** The lamina propria
*** Supportive tissue
** The muscularis mucosae
** The submucosa
** Radial, and then longitudinal, muscle.
** The serosa.
* Damage due to enteritis results in morphological changes to the normal structure, e.g.
** [[Intestines - Enteritis Particularly Associated with Villus Atrophy#Villus Atrophy|Villus atrophy]].
** Apparent elongation of the crypts.
** Various types of inflammatory cell infiltration.
* However, the bowel may remain morphologically normal in some diarrhoeaic conditions.
** For example, in hypersecretory diarrhoea due to some bacterial toxins.
====Types and Causes of Inflammation====
* As with other sections of the [[Alimentary - Anatomy & Physiology|alimentary system]], there several different types of inflammation that occur in the intestines.
* Even quite mild inflammatory lesions can have quite severe effects, especially if they go on for any length of time.
* The major pathological entities are outlined below.
==Inflammation - Contents==
===[[Intestines Catarrhal Enteritis - Pathology|Catarrhal Enteritis]]===
*[[Intestines Catarrhal Enteritis - Pathology#Pathology|Pathology of Catarrhal Enteritis]]
*[[Intestines Catarrhal Enteritis - Pathology#Parasites|Catarrhal Enteritis Caused by Parasites]]
*[[Intestines Catarrhal Enteritis - Pathology#Mixed viral enteritis|Mixed Viral Enteritis]]
** [[Intestines Catarrhal Enteritis - Pathology#Undifferentiated Neonatal Calf Diarrhoea|Undifferentiated Neonatal Calf Diarrhoea]]
** [[Intestines Catarrhal Enteritis - Pathology#Winter Dysentery|Winter Dysentery]]
** [[Intestines Catarrhal Enteritis - Pathology#Transmissible Gastro-Enteritis (TGE)|Transmissible Gastro-Enteritis (TGE)]]
* [[Intestines Catarrhal Enteritis - Pathology#Bacterial enteritis| Bacterial Enteritis]]
** [[Intestines Catarrhal Enteritis - Pathology#Colibacillosis|Colibacillosis]]
** [[Intestines Catarrhal Enteritis - Pathology#"Pulpy Kidney" Disease|Enterotoxaemia - Pulpy Kidney Disease]]
===[[Intestines Ulcerative Enteritis - Pathology|Ulcerative Enteritis]]===
* [[Intestines Ulcerative Enteritis - Pathology#Ulcerative Enteritis|Ulcerative Enteritis]]
* [[Intestines Ulcerative Enteritis - Pathology#Swine Fever|Swine Fever]]
* [[Intestines Ulcerative Enteritis - Pathology#Cyathostomosis|Cyathostomosis]]
===[[Intestines Fibrinous/Haemorrhagic Enteritis - Pathology|Fibrinous/ Haemorrhagic Enteritis]]===
* [[Intestines Fibrinous/Haemorrhagic Enteritis - Pathology#Pathology|Pathology of Fibrinous/ Haemorrhagic Enteritis]]
* [[Intestines Fibrinous/Haemorrhagic Enteritis - Pathology#Salmonellosis|Salmonellosis]]
* [[Intestines Fibrinous/Haemorrhagic Enteritis - Pathology#Swine Dysentery|Swine Dysentery]]
* [[Intestines Fibrinous/Haemorrhagic Enteritis - Pathology#Parvovirus enteritis|Parvovirus Enteritis]]
* [[Intestines Fibrinous/Haemorrhagic Enteritis - Pathology#Bacterial septicaemia and enteritis|Bacterial septicaemia and enteritis]]
** [[Intestines Fibrinous/Haemorrhagic Enteritis - Pathology#Lamb Dysentery (Enterotoxaemia with Blood)|Lamb Dysentery]]
**[[Intestines Fibrinous/Haemorrhagic Enteritis - Pathology#Colitis X|Colitis X]]
===[[Intestines Proliferative Enteritis - Pathology|Proliferative Enteritis]]===
* [[Intestines Proliferative Enteritis - Pathology#Paratuberculosis (Johnes disease)|Paratuberculosis (Johnes Disease)]]
* [[Intestines Proliferative Enteritis - Pathology#Proliferative Enteritis in Other Species|Proliferative Enteritis in Other Species]]
** [[Intestines Proliferative Enteritis - Pathology#Granulomatous Colitis|Granulomatous Colitis]]
** [[Intestines Proliferative Enteritis - Pathology#Porcine Adenomatosis Complex|Porcine Adenomatosis Complex]]
===[[Intestines Granulomatous Enteritis - Pathology|Granulomatous Enteritis]]===
* Paratuberculosis (Johnes Disease) - see under [[Intestines Proliferative Enteritis - Pathology|Proliferative Enteritis]]
* [[Intestines Granulomatous Enteritis - Pathology#Feline Infectious Peritonitis|Feline Infectious Peritonitis]]
===[[Intestines Inflammatory Bowel Disease And Related Conditions - Pathology|Inflammatory Bowel Disease And Related Conditions]]===
* [[Intestines Inflammatory Bowel Disease And Related Conditions - Pathology#Lymphocytic - Plasmacytic Enteritis|Lymphocytic - Plasmacytic Enteritis ]]
* [[Intestines Inflammatory Bowel Disease And Related Conditions - Pathology#Eosinophilic Enteritis|Eosinophilic Enteritis]]
* [[Intestines Inflammatory Bowel Disease And Related Conditions - Pathology#Idiopathic Eosinophilic Enteritis|Idiopathic Eosinophilic Enteritis]]
* [[Intestines Inflammatory Bowel Disease And Related Conditions - Pathology#Granulomatous Enteritis|Granulomatous Enteritis]]
* [[Intestines Inflammatory Bowel Disease And Related Conditions - Pathology#Idiopathic colitis |Idiopathic colitis ]]
* [[Intestines Inflammatory Bowel Disease And Related Conditions - Pathology#Histiocytic Ulcerative Colitis|Histiocytic Ulcerative Colitis]]
* [[Intestines Inflammatory Bowel Disease And Related Conditions - Pathology#Lymphangiectasia|Lymphangiectasia]]
===[[Intestines Enteritis Particularly Associated with Villus Atrophy - Pathology|Villus Atrophy]]===
* [[Intestines Enteritis Particularly Associated with Villus Atrophy - Pathology#Epithelial Renewal|Epithelial Renewal]]
* [[Intestines Enteritis Particularly Associated with Villus Atrophy - Pathology#Villus Atrophy|Villus Atrophy]]
* [[Intestines Enteritis Particularly Associated with Villus Atrophy - Pathology#Enteritis Particularly Associated with Villus Atrophy|Enteritis Particularly Associated with Villus Atrophy]]
** [[Intestines Enteritis Particularly Associated with Villus Atrophy - Pathology#Rotavirus|Rotavirus]]
** [[Intestines Enteritis Particularly Associated with Villus Atrophy - Pathology#Cryptosporidium|Cryptosporidium]]
===[[Intestines Genetic Conditions Causing Enteritis - Pathology|Genetic Conditions Causing Enteritis]]===
* [[Intestines Genetic Conditions Causing Enteritis - Pathology#Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy|Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy]]
===[[Intestines Protein-Losing Diseases - Pathology|Protein-Losing Diseases]]===
* [[Intestines Protein-Losing Diseases - Pathology#Protein-Losing Enteropathy (PLE)|Protein-Losing Enteropathy (PLE)]]
[[Category:Intestines,_Small_and_Large_-_Pathology]]