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| | ==Valve Development== | | ==Valve Development== |
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| − | ===Aortic Stenosis=== | + | ===[[Aortic Stenosis]]=== |
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| − | Obstructs blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta. Stenosis may be:
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| − | *Subvalvular (most common in dog and cat).
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| − | *Valvular.
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| − | *Supravalvular.
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| − | Subvalvular stenosis results in a jet of blood hitting the aortic valve, leading to damage and increased risk of developing endocarditis.
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| − |
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| − | ''Incidence:''
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| − | *Increased prevalence in Boxers and Golden retrievers.
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| − | *Autosomal dominant in Newfoundlands.
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| − |
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| − | ''Clinical Signs:''
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| − | *Vary from asymptomatic to degrees of exercise intolerance, syncope and even sudden death.
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| − | *Harsh systolic murmur at left heart base.
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| − | Grade correlates with grade of murmur.
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| − | High grade murmurs also have a precordial thrill.
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| − | *Murmur may have a diastolic component due to aortic valve damage and insufficiency.
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| − | *Weak femoral pulse.
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| − |
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| − | ''Diagnosis:''
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| − | *Left ventricular enlargement on radiology and ECG.
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| − | *Post-stenotic dilatation of the aorta may be visible on radiographs.
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| − | *Echogenic fibrous ring may be seen on echocardiography. Again, Doppler is useful to detect flow rates.
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| − |
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| − | ''Treatment:''
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| − | *'''Balloon valvuloplasty'''; often unsuccessful.
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| − | *Mild cases need no management.
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| − | *Medical management; Beta-blockers to decrease myocardial oxygen consumption.
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| − | *Prognosis guarded, death due to arrythmias in abnormal myocardium.
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| | ===Pulmonic Stenosis=== | | ===Pulmonic Stenosis=== |