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Immunodeficiencies - WikiBlood (view source)
Revision as of 12:37, 12 June 2010
, 12:37, 12 June 2010Text replace - 'Lymphocytes - WikiBlood' to 'Lymphocytes'
*Primary immunodeficiencies may affect either the [[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood|innate immune system]] or the [[Adaptive Immune System - WikiBlood|adaptive immune system]]
*Primary immunodeficiencies may affect either the [[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood|innate immune system]] or the [[Adaptive Immune System - WikiBlood|adaptive immune system]]
*They are categorised by either the type or the developmental stage of the cells involved
*They are categorised by either the type or the developmental stage of the cells involved
*Lymphoid cell disorders affect [[Lymphocytes - WikiBlood#T cells|T cells]] or [[Lymphocytes - WikiBlood#B cells|B cells]] (or both)
*Lymphoid cell disorders affect [[Lymphocytes#T cells|T cells]] or [[Lymphocytes#B cells|B cells]] (or both)
*Myeloid cell disorders affect phagocytic function
*Myeloid cell disorders affect phagocytic function
*The severity of the immunodeficiency depends on at which stage in development the problem occurs
*The severity of the immunodeficiency depends on at which stage in development the problem occurs
**E.g. Defects early on in development will affect the entire immune system
**E.g. Defects early on in development will affect the entire immune system
*[[Lymphocytes - WikiBlood#T cells|T cell]] deficiencies can affect both the cell-mediated and humoral response as [[Lymphocytes - WikiBlood#T cells|T cells]] play a central role in the immune system
*[[Lymphocytes#T cells|T cell]] deficiencies can affect both the cell-mediated and humoral response as [[Lymphocytes#T cells|T cells]] play a central role in the immune system
===Deficiencies of Innate Immunity===
===Deficiencies of Innate Immunity===
*Occurs in 2-3% of Arabian foals
*Occurs in 2-3% of Arabian foals
*Defect in DNA-dependent protein kinase gene
*Defect in DNA-dependent protein kinase gene
**Gene codes for a DNA repair enzyme involved in V(D)J recombination for antigen receptors of [[Lymphocytes - WikiBlood|lymphocytes]] (e.g. Ig and TCR)
**Gene codes for a DNA repair enzyme involved in V(D)J recombination for antigen receptors of [[Lymphocytes|lymphocytes]] (e.g. Ig and TCR)
*No functional [[Lymphocytes - WikiBlood#B cells|B cells]] or [[Lymphocytes - WikiBlood#T cells|T cells]]
*No functional [[Lymphocytes#B cells|B cells]] or [[Lymphocytes#T cells|T cells]]
*Foals develop infections (usually around 8 weeks of age as maternal [[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood|antibody]] in [[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Passive transfer via colostrum|colostrum]] wanes around this time)
*Foals develop infections (usually around 8 weeks of age as maternal [[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood|antibody]] in [[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Passive transfer via colostrum|colostrum]] wanes around this time)
*Foals usually die from bronchopneumonia
*Foals usually die from bronchopneumonia
*Affects Basset Hounds and Corgis
*Affects Basset Hounds and Corgis
*X-linked recessive defect in the gene coding for the IL-2 receptor
*X-linked recessive defect in the gene coding for the IL-2 receptor
**IL-2 receptor is a receptor for the cytokine IL-2 which causes [[Lymphocytes - WikiBlood#T cells|T cells]] to proliferate
**IL-2 receptor is a receptor for the cytokine IL-2 which causes [[Lymphocytes#T cells|T cells]] to proliferate
*Causes lymphoid hypoplasia, stunted growth and increases the animal's susceptibility to infection
*Causes lymphoid hypoplasia, stunted growth and increases the animal's susceptibility to infection
*Animal usually dies from pneumonia or sepsis as the level of maternal [[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood|antibody]] decreases
*Animal usually dies from pneumonia or sepsis as the level of maternal [[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood|antibody]] decreases
[[Image:Nude Mouse.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Nude Mouse - Copyright Michigan State University- Carcinogenesis Laboratory]]
[[Image:Nude Mouse.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Nude Mouse - Copyright Michigan State University- Carcinogenesis Laboratory]]
*Severe Combined Immune Deficiency(SCID)
*Severe Combined Immune Deficiency(SCID)
**No functional [[Lymphocytes - WikiBlood#B cells|B cells]] or [[Lymphocytes - WikiBlood#T cells|T cells]]
**No functional [[Lymphocytes#B cells|B cells]] or [[Lymphocytes#T cells|T cells]]
*Athymic nude mice (no [[Thymus - Anatomy & Physiology|thymus]])
*Athymic nude mice (no [[Thymus - Anatomy & Physiology|thymus]])
**No functional [[Lymphocytes - WikiBlood#T cells|T cells]]
**No functional [[Lymphocytes#T cells|T cells]]
**Cell-mediated immunodeficiency
**Cell-mediated immunodeficiency
[[Image:Kinetics of FeLV 2.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Kinetics of FeLV - Copyright Dr Brian Catchpole BVetMed PhD MRCVS]]
[[Image:Kinetics of FeLV 2.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Kinetics of FeLV - Copyright Dr Brian Catchpole BVetMed PhD MRCVS]]
*Oncogenic retrovirus
*Oncogenic retrovirus
*Causes neoplasia (lymphoma), myelosuppression (anaemia) and immunosuppression (of [[Lymphocytes - WikiBlood#T cells|T cells]])
*Causes neoplasia (lymphoma), myelosuppression (anaemia) and immunosuppression (of [[Lymphocytes#T cells|T cells]])
*2 strains:
*2 strains:
**FeLV-A
**FeLV-A
*Subtypes A, B and D
*Subtypes A, B and D
*Causes increased susceptibility to infections and neoplasia
*Causes increased susceptibility to infections and neoplasia
*Specifically destroys [[Lymphocytes - WikiBlood#Helper CD4+|CD4+ T cells]]
*Specifically destroys [[Lymphocytes#Helper CD4+|CD4+ T cells]]
*Virus is present in saliva, blood and other bodily fluids
*Virus is present in saliva, blood and other bodily fluids
*Feral and outdoor cats (mostly tom cats) are most at risk
*Feral and outdoor cats (mostly tom cats) are most at risk