Changes

Medical colic is defined as colic that will respond to drug therapy and management alone. Once treated, cases of medical colic should not have any further complications that could have been avoided hd surgery been undertaken. Medical colic is a common condition in equine practice. It can be potentially life threatening so referral centres still play a role in the mnagement of medical coic. Some cases may also be contagious and/or zoonotic. The differentiation between [[Colic, Decision Making|medical and surgical]] colics is critical and can be acheived by a thorough clinical examination. There are important considerations to keep in mind when interpreting colic clinical signs. Some horses and especially donkeys and zebras, are very stoical in their nature and show only mild clinical signs, despite having a serious surgical condtion. Some horses have a low pain threshold and so may show severe, unrelenting signs of colic that are features of surgical colic cases. Medical causes of colic are often less painful than surgical causes. However, anterior enteritis can cause extreme pain, but can be managed medically with Metronidazole, penicillin, analgesia and repeated [[Nasogastric intubation in the horse|gasric decompression]]. Few medical cases have a complete abscence of borboygmi. The faecal output can also provide valuable information. Cases with diarhoea are often medical in nature and require medical management. Cases with a reduced faecal output for a couple of days usually have an impaction of the large colon. Very hard, mucous covered faeces indicate a reduced transit time through the small colon. This could be due to [[Grass Sickness]].

Medical colic is defined as colic that will respond to drug therapy and management alone. Once treated, cases of medical colic should not have any further complications that could have been avoided hd surgery been undertaken. Medical colic is a common condition in equine practice. It can be potentially life threatening so referral centres still play a role in the mnagement of medical coic. Some cases may also be contagious and/or zoonotic. The differentiation between [[Colic, Decision Making|medical and surgical]] colics is critical and can be acheived by a thorough clinical examination. There are important considerations to keep in mind when interpreting colic clinical signs. Some horses and especially donkeys and zebras, are very stoical in their nature and show only mild clinical signs, despite having a serious surgical condtion. Some horses have a low pain threshold and so may show severe, unrelenting signs of colic that are features of surgical colic cases. Medical causes of colic are often less painful than surgical causes. However, anterior enteritis can cause extreme pain, but can be managed medically with Metronidazole, penicillin, analgesia and repeated [[Nasogastric intubation in the horse|gasric decompression]]. Few medical cases have a complete abscence of borboygmi. The faecal output can also provide valuable information. Cases with diarhoea are often medical in nature and require medical management. Cases with a reduced faecal output for a couple of days usually have an impaction of the large colon. Very hard, mucous covered faeces indicate a reduced transit time through the small colon. This could be due to [[Grass Sickness]].

Pain management is an important aspect of treating any colic patient, whether it be surgical or medical. There are two major types of pain; visceral pain and parietal pain. Visceral pain is associated with inflammation r distention of a viscus, tension on the mesentery or a reduction in the blood supply. It is an obvious pain and the horse will exhibit [[Colic Diagnosis - Clinical Signs|signs of abdominal discomfort]]. The pain is oftern persistent and the horse maybehave violently if the pain is severe. Severe, unrelenting pain despite the administration of analgesia is an indication for surgery. Spasmodic colic that responds to analgesia is most likely to me medical. Parietal pain is associated with inflammation of the serosal surfaces of the organs of the peritoneum and parietal peritoneum. This pain is less obvious and the horse may be immobile guard the abdomen. This type of pain features in cases with a ruptured viscus and secondary peritonitis.  

Pain management is an important aspect of treating any colic patient, whether it be surgical or medical. There are two major types of pain; visceral pain and parietal pain. Visceral pain is associated with inflammation or distention of a viscus, tension on the mesentery or a reduction in the blood supply. It is an obvious pain and the horse will exhibit [[Colic Diagnosis - Clinical Signs|signs of abdominal discomfort]]. The pain is oftern persistent and the horse maybehave violently if the pain is severe. Severe, unrelenting pain despite the administration of analgesia is an indication for surgery. Spasmodic colic that responds to analgesia is most likely to me medical. Parietal pain is associated with inflammation of the serosal surfaces of the organs of the peritoneum and parietal peritoneum. This pain is less obvious and the horse may be immobile guard the abdomen. This type of pain features in cases with a ruptured viscus and secondary peritonitis.  

The response to mild analgesia is ofteen used to determine the level of pain and decide whether the case is medical or surgical. Mild analgesics include phenylbutazone or hyoscine-n-butyl bromide (Buscopan). Cases that do not respond within 2 hours require reassessment and potentially referral. Stong analgesics such as flunixin should not be used until the diagnosis has been made as many early surgical cases can be misdiagnosed as medical colics.  

The response to mild analgesia is ofteen used to determine the level of pain and decide whether the case is medical or surgical. Mild analgesics include phenylbutazone or hyoscine-n-butyl bromide (Buscopan). Cases that do not respond within 2 hours require reassessment and potentially referral. Stong analgesics such as flunixin should not be used until the diagnosis has been made as many early surgical cases can be misdiagnosed as medical colics.