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*Killed and live '''vaccines''' are available
*Killed and live '''vaccines''' are available
**Live vaccines have provoked symptoms in immunosuppressed kittens and are no longer used in the UK
**Live vaccines have provoked symptoms in immunosuppressed kittens and are no longer used in the UK
===Feline viral rhinotracheitis===
*Caused by a [[Herpesviridae|herpesvirus]]
*Tends to be more [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of rhinitis|rhinitis]] than [[Trachea Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of tracheitis|tracheitis]], may extend to [[Paranasal Sinuses Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of sinusitis|sinusitis]]
*Feline herpesvirus -1
**One of the causes of Feline viral rhinotracheitis
***Viruses and bacteria are involved in the complex. The most frequent aetiologic agent is [[Herpesviridae|FHV-1]], and less frequently [[Caliciviridae|feline calicivirus]] and/or ''[[Chlamydophila psittaci]]'' (NB: previously called ''Chlamydia psittaci'' var felis)
*All three agents infect URT respiratory epithelium, although FHV-1 has the highest affinity for this epithelium
*Feline calicivirus more frequently infects the oral mucosa -> ulcerative stomatitis
*''C.psittaci'' more frequently infects the conjunctival epithelium -> chronic conjunctivitis
*Infection of the respiratory epithelium by FHV-1 results in a typical neutrophilic rhinitis with intraepitheial intranuclear eosinophilic [[Degenerations and Infiltrations - Pathology#Cellular Inclusions|inclusion bodies]]
*Uncomplicated cases resolve in 2-3 weeks
*FHV-1 remains latent in the trigeminal ganglion, and can reactivate at times of stress
*Can infect the cornea -> ulcerative keratitis
*Mortality may be high in young kittens, debilitated and immune-suppressed animals, usually associated with secondary bacterial infection.
[[Category:Herpesviridae]][[Category:To_Do_-_Viruses]][[Category:Cat]]
[[Category:Herpesviridae]][[Category:To_Do_-_Viruses]][[Category:Cat]]