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====Antigenicity====
*Most cases are subclinical and only '''antibody positive'''
====Hosts====
*More common in '''thoroughbreds'''
====Pathogenesis====
*Infects nasopharynx and spreads locally, causing:
**Dypsnoea
**Coughing
**Diarrhoea
**Colic
*Spread to lymphoid tissue leads to '''leukopenia''' and '''immunosuppression'''
*Typical '''medial necrosis of arteries''' causing:
**Hemorrhage
**Abortions occur after 10-30 days in 50% of pregnant mares (as opposed to Equine Herpes, which shows late abortions)
**Oedema - particularly ocular, giving rise to "pink eye"
*Other clinical signs include:
**Pyrexia
**Nettle rashes
**Ocular and nasal discharge
**Swelling of legs or scrotum
**Stiffness of gait
*'''Foal death''' caused by '''interstitial pneumonia'''
*Stallions become intermittent or persistent '''shedders''' from [[Male Reproductive Tract -Accessory Sex Glands - Anatomy & Physiology|accessory sex glands]] but may show no clinical signs
====Epidemiology====
*Controlled virus in the UK but AI and breeding schemes presents a real risk
====Diagnosis====
*Clinical symptoms, but may be variable
*'''PCR''' on '''semen'''
*'''ELISA''' for serum '''antibody'''
====Control====
*'''Vaccines''':
**Stallions: '''Live attenuated'''
**Mares: '''Killed whole virus'''
*Clinical disease is '''NOTIFIABLE'''
**Seropositive stallions restricted from teasing, mating or AI unless PCR tested negative
**Persistent shedders should be castrated
*Serology on imported horses
*Mares tested within 4 weeks of mating
*In an outbreak, isolate and restrict movement until antibody-negative for one month
*Causative agent: [[Arteriviridae|equine arterivirus]] (EVA)
*Causative agent: [[Arteriviridae|equine arterivirus]] (EVA)
*[[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology|Rhinitis]], peripheral oedema, [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology|bronchitis/bronchiolitis]], conjunctivitis, periorbital oedema
*[[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology|Rhinitis]], peripheral oedema, [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology|bronchitis/bronchiolitis]], conjunctivitis, periorbital oedema
*Transmitted by respiratory and venereal routes through direct contact with infected horse or its secretions
*Transmitted by respiratory and venereal routes through direct contact with infected horse or its secretions
*Stallion are a reservoir of infection as they are chronic shedders
*Stallion are a reservoir of infection as they are chronic shedders
[[Category:Arteriviridae]][[Category:Horse]]
[[Category:To_Do_-_Viruses]]