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| − | ===''Aspergillus fumigatus''===
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| − | [[Image:Aspergillus pneumonia of cattle.jpg|right|thumb|100px|<small><center>Aspergillus hyphae in cattle lung (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]]
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| − | [[Image:Aspergillosis in nasal cavity.jpg|right|thumb|100px|<small><center>Nasal aspergillosis (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]]
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| − | *[[Aspergillus spp.|''Aspergillus fumigatus'']]
| + | [[Aspergillosis]] |
| − | *Most commonly in dogs but also other species
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| − | *Causes [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of rhinitis|rhinitis]], often also involves the [[Paranasal Sinuses Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of sinusitis|frontal sinus]]
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| − | *Chronic necrotising inflammation with friable exudate containing necrotic tissue and fungal hyphae
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| − | * Result in severe neutrophilic [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology|rhinitis]]/[[Paranasal Sinuses Inflammatory - Pathology|sinusitis]]
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| − | *These lesions can be aggressive causing destruction of turbinates and nasal septum
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| − | *Can occur secondary to areas of mucosal compromise eg: adjacent to a space-occupying lesion
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| − | *Can cause pulmonary aspergillosis especially in '''birds''', but also other animals
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| − | **Initiated by inhalation of spores,the most likely source of which is mouldy feed and bedding
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| − | **Given the wide exposure that occurs, it is thought that immunodeficiency may contribute to colonisation with this organism
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| − | **Gross lesions :
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| − | ***Multiple discrete grey/ white nodules which develop around fungal colonies
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| − | ***Blood vessels can become involved in the lesions -> invasion, haemorrhage or thrombosis
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| − | **Histologically:
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| − | ***Granulomatous chronic lesions
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| − | ***Macrophages and epithelioid cells
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| − | ***Fibrous capsule
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| − | *In horses:
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| − | **[[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of rhinitis|Nasal aspergillosis]]
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| − | **[[Guttural Pouches Inflammatory - Pathology|Guttural pouch infections]] in horses - fungal plaques form on the adventitia of the carotid arteries can lead to catastrophic haemorrhage following erosion of carotid arteries!
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| − | **Often present with [[Respiratory System Clinical Signs - Pathology#Epistaxis|epistaxis]]
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| − | **May present with neurological dysfunction
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| − | **Rarely extends to other resions: cranium, middle ear, atlanto-occipital joint
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| − | **May extend to [[Paranasal Sinuses Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of sinusitis|sinuses]]
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| | ===''Cryptococcus neoformans''=== | | ===''Cryptococcus neoformans''=== |