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===[[Trichostrongyloidea|''Dictyocaulus arnfieldi'']]===
 
===[[Trichostrongyloidea|''Dictyocaulus arnfieldi'']]===
*Found in smaller [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|bronchi]]
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*Cause of chronic cough
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*Donkeys are a reservoir mostly without any clinical signs
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*Gross pathology:
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**Raised areas of over-inflated pulmonary tissue surrounding small bronchus, containing worms and mucopurulent exudate
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**Hyperplastic bronchial epithelium
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**Coiled worms in small bronchi
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**Peribronchial cuffing
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**In caudal lung lobes
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*Histologically
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**Central coiled parasites and associated chronic catharral bronchitis
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**Goblet cell hyperplasia
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**Lymphoid cell infiltration
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*In [[Hindgut Fermenters - Horse - Anatomy & Physiology|horses]], the worms usually fail to achieve sexual maturity
      
===[[Coccidia|''Besnoitia bennetti'']]===
 
===[[Coccidia|''Besnoitia bennetti'']]===
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