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− | [[Image:Babesia Life Cycle.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Babesia'' Life Cycle Diagram - Dennis Jacobs & Mark Fox RVC]]
| + | == Epidemiology == |
− | [[Image:Alternative Babesia life cycle diagram.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Babesia'' Life Cycle - Mariana Ruiz Villarreal]]
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| *Infects a wide range of host species in different areas of the world | | *Infects a wide range of host species in different areas of the world |
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− | *Babesiosis has severe effects on cattle production in parts of the world
| + | Babesiosis has severe effects on cattle production in parts of the world. First of all, it prevents European breeds from being successful in tropical regions where [[Ticks|ticks]] are endemic as well as occurring sporadically in the UK and Ireland causing losses of around £8 million per year. |
− | **Prevents European breeds from being successful in tropical regions where [[Ticks|ticks]] are endemic.
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− | **Occurs sporadically in the UK and Ireland causing losses of around £8 million per year
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− | '''Life Cycle''' | + | === '''Life Cycle''' === |
− | *Both [[Ticks#Disease Transmission|trans-stadial]] and [[Ticks#Disease Transmission|trans-ovarian]] transmission occurs
| + | Both [[Ticks#Disease Transmission|trans-stadial]] and [[Ticks#Disease Transmission|trans-ovarian]] transmission occurs with each female [[Ticks|tick]] producing 3000 eggs and the [[Ticks|tick]] being the definitive host. |
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− | *Each female [[Ticks|tick]] produces 3000 eggs
| + | ''Babesia'' multiplies in the red blood cells by '''budding''' and it forms 2-4 daughter cells (species dependent). |
− | | + | Giemsa blood smears can differentiate between species using 'Difquik' stain. |
− | *The [[Ticks|tick]] is the definitive host
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− | *''Babesia'' multiplies in the red blood cells by '''budding'''
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− | **Forms 2-4 daughter cells (species dependent)
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− | **Giemsa blood smears can differentiate between species using 'Difquik' stain
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| *''Babesia'' species are either small or large depending on the size of the daughter cells | | *''Babesia'' species are either small or large depending on the size of the daughter cells |
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| *Antigen is released which adsorbs onto other red blood cells | | *Antigen is released which adsorbs onto other red blood cells |
− | **Causes haemolysis and [[Pigmentation and Calcification - Pathology#Haemoglobin|haemoglobin pigmentation]] | + | **Causes haemolysis and [[Pigmentation - Pathology#Haemoglobin|haemoglobin pigmentation]] |
| **Causes haemolytic anaemia, haemoglobinuria and fever | | **Causes haemolytic anaemia, haemoglobinuria and fever |
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| *'''Lower''' incidence of disease | | *'''Lower''' incidence of disease |
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| <big>'''[[Babesiosis - Cattle|Cattle Babesiosis]] | | <big>'''[[Babesiosis - Cattle|Cattle Babesiosis]] |
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− | '''[[Babesiosis - Dogs|Dog Babesiosis]] | + | '''[[Babesia canis]]''' |
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− | '''[[Babesiosis - Horse|Horse Babesiosis]] | + | '''[[Babesiosis - Horse|Horse Babesiosis]]''' |
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| '''[[Babesiosis - Small Ruminants|Sheep and Goat Babesiosis]] | | '''[[Babesiosis - Small Ruminants|Sheep and Goat Babesiosis]] |
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| *''Babesia bovis'' myositis | | *''Babesia bovis'' myositis |
| **In cattle | | **In cattle |
− | **Infrequent muscle [[Muscles Degenerative - Pathology#Necrosis|necrosis]] | + | **Infrequent muscle [[Muscle Necrosis|necrosis]] |
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| + | ==Test yourself with the Piroplasmida Flashcards== |
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| + | [[Piroplasmida_Flashcards|Piroplasmida Flashcards]] |
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| [[Category:Piroplasmida]] | | [[Category:Piroplasmida]] |
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| [[Category:To_Do_-_Parasites]] | | [[Category:To_Do_-_Parasites]] |