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Created page with '===Types of Sinus Cardiac Rhythms=== ====1. Sinus Rhythms==== ====2. Sinus Arrhythmias==== *Normal arrhythmia in dogs associated with respiration (heart rate increases w…'
===Types of Sinus Cardiac Rhythms===
====1. [[Sinus Rhythms]]====
====2. Sinus Arrhythmias====
*Normal arrhythmia in dogs associated with respiration (heart rate increases with inspiration and decreases with expiration).
*The associated changes in P wave height with respiration are called a wandering pacemaker.
====3. Sinus Bradycardias====
*Characterised as a normal sinus rhythm with an abnormally slow heart rate
*Caused by: pathologic conditions, drug reactions, physiologic conditions: athletic animals, calm animals, sleeping animals
'''Treatment:''' Usually unnecessary unless clinical signs due to reduced cardiac output remain
*Treat the underlying condition
*Drugs used to treat sinus bradycardias: atropine, isoprenaline, glycopyrrolate
====4. Sinus Tachycardia====
*Characterised as a normal sinus rhythm with an abnormally fast heart rate
*Caused by: pathological conditions, drug reactions, physiologic conditions: pain, exercise, excitement
'''Treatment:''' Usually unnecessary unless clinical signs remain
*Treat the underlying condition
====5. Sinus Arrest & Sinus Block====
*Sinus arrest occurs when the sinoartial node fails to discharge resulting in a pause of the normal heart rhythm.
*Sinus block occurs when the sinoatrial node fails to conduct the wave of depolarisation resulting in a pause of the normal heart rhythm.
*The presence of a sinus arrest on an ECG would be characterised by an absence of P-QRS-T complexes for more than two R-R intervals.
*The presence of a sinus block on an ECG would be characterised by an absence of P-QRS-T complexes for twice the R-R interval.
'''Treatment:'''
*Treat the underlying condition
*Drugs used in the treatment of sinus arrest and sinus blocks are the following: glycopyrrolate, isoprenaline, atropine
[[Category:Arrhythmia]]
====1. [[Sinus Rhythms]]====
====2. Sinus Arrhythmias====
*Normal arrhythmia in dogs associated with respiration (heart rate increases with inspiration and decreases with expiration).
*The associated changes in P wave height with respiration are called a wandering pacemaker.
====3. Sinus Bradycardias====
*Characterised as a normal sinus rhythm with an abnormally slow heart rate
*Caused by: pathologic conditions, drug reactions, physiologic conditions: athletic animals, calm animals, sleeping animals
'''Treatment:''' Usually unnecessary unless clinical signs due to reduced cardiac output remain
*Treat the underlying condition
*Drugs used to treat sinus bradycardias: atropine, isoprenaline, glycopyrrolate
====4. Sinus Tachycardia====
*Characterised as a normal sinus rhythm with an abnormally fast heart rate
*Caused by: pathological conditions, drug reactions, physiologic conditions: pain, exercise, excitement
'''Treatment:''' Usually unnecessary unless clinical signs remain
*Treat the underlying condition
====5. Sinus Arrest & Sinus Block====
*Sinus arrest occurs when the sinoartial node fails to discharge resulting in a pause of the normal heart rhythm.
*Sinus block occurs when the sinoatrial node fails to conduct the wave of depolarisation resulting in a pause of the normal heart rhythm.
*The presence of a sinus arrest on an ECG would be characterised by an absence of P-QRS-T complexes for more than two R-R intervals.
*The presence of a sinus block on an ECG would be characterised by an absence of P-QRS-T complexes for twice the R-R interval.
'''Treatment:'''
*Treat the underlying condition
*Drugs used in the treatment of sinus arrest and sinus blocks are the following: glycopyrrolate, isoprenaline, atropine
[[Category:Arrhythmia]]