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Canine Adenovirus 1 may be shed in the urine for up to nine months following an active infection, and is also spread by infected faeces and fomites. After invasion via the oronasal route,
Canine Adenovirus 1 may be shed in the urine for up to nine months following an active infection, and is also spread by infected faeces and fomites. After invasion via the oronasal route,
CAV1 infects and replicates in the cells of the oropharynx. A viraemia becomes established, which allows dissemination of infection to other tissues. CAV1 has a tropism for hepatic parenchyma and vascular endothelium, and so the key target organs are the liver, vascular endothelium, kidney and eye.
CAV1 infects and replicates in the cells of the oropharynx. A viraemia becomes established, which allows dissemination of infection to other tissues. CAV1 has a tropism for hepatic parenchyma and vascular endothelium, and so the key target organs are the liver, vascular endothelium, kidney and eye.
In the liver, widespread centrilobular necrosis occurs, which may progress to become panlobular. The clinical outcome of CAV1 infection is dependent on the level of pre-existing immunity. Animals with high antibody titres usually mount an effective neutralising antibody response by day seven post-infection which clears the virus. A partial antibody response withing four to five days post-infection can lead to chronic active hepatitis and ultimately hepatic fibrosis. Latent chronic hepatic infection is also possible. Low antibody titres, such as in unvaccinated dogs, fail to prevent infection and pathology, giving potentially fatal hepatic necrosis.
Damage caused by localisation to the vascular endothelium can lead to vasculitis and bleeding diatheses such as disseminated intravascular coagulation.
In the kidney, glomerular damage results from localisation of virus or deposition of circulating immune complexes. This can lead to proteinuia. It is also possible for CAV1 to persist in renal tubular epithelium; this is responsible for the extended period of urinary excretion of virus.
Immune complex deposition in the cornea and uveal tract causes damage to the eye. Direct cytotoxic damage to the eye may also occur.
==Signalment==
==Signalment==