Changes

===Diagnostic Imaging===

===Diagnostic Imaging===

====Radiography====

====Radiography====

Plain abdominal radiographs may reveal obstruction in the intestines, distented loops of intestine .  This, however, may not be present in cases of partial, chronic or intermittent intussusception.  Jejunojejunal intussusception is reported to show signs of obstruction more commonly compared to ileocolic intussusception.  A mass may be seen on radiograph.

Plain abdominal radiographs do not always provide a definitive diagnosis. In cases of complete obstruction distented loops of intestine and a sausage shaped soft tissue mass are usually obvious, but a partial obstruction will produce much more subtle signs which may be missed.

A barium enema or upper gastrointestinal contrast study can be useful in identifying the site of obstruction. This should be used with care as leakage of contrast into the abdominal cavity will result in peritonitis.

A barium enema or upper gastrointestinal contrast study can be useful in identifying the site of obstruction. This should be used with care as leakage of contrast into the abdominal cavity will result in peritonitis.

====Ultrasonography====

====Ultrasonography====

==Treatment==

==Treatment==

===Medical===

===Medical===

[[Fluid Therapy|Fluid therapy]] and correction of electrolyte and acid-base abnormalities should be carried out prior to surgical correction.  

[[Fluid Therapy|Fluid therapy]] and correction of electrolyte and acid-base abnormalities should be carried out prior to surgical correction.  

===Surgery===

===Surgery===

Surgery is usually required to manually reduce the intussusception, it may be necessary to resect and anastomose the intestine in cases where adhesions have formed.  This decision depends on the viability of the intestines, as determined by the colour, vascular supply and presence or absence of peristalsis. Complications include dehiscence at the site of anastomosis, [[Peritonitis - Cats and Dogs|peritonitis]], recurrence (11-20%, most common within 1-5 days post surgery), ileus, intestinal obstruction and [[Short Bowel Syndrome|short bowel syndrome]]. Recurrence can be treated with motility altering drugs or intestinal pexy or plication.  It is important to preserve as much of the intestine as possible to avoid [[Short Bowel Syndrome|short bowel syndrome]].

Surgery is required to manually reduce the intussusception, it may be necessary to resect and anastomose the intestine in cases where the  adhesions have formed.  This decision depends on the viability of the intestines, as determined by the colour, vascular supply and presence or absence of peristalsis.  

Complications include dehiscence at the site of anastomosis, [[Peritonitis - Cats and Dogs|peritonitis]], recurrence (11-20%, most common within 1-5 days post surgery), ileus, intestinal obstruction and [[Short Bowel Syndrome|short bowel syndrome]]. Recurrence can be treated with motility altering drugs or intestinal pexy or plication.  It is important to preserve as much of the intestine as possible to avoid [[Short Bowel Syndrome|short bowel syndrome]].