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→Vaccination
====Control====
====Control====
=====Vaccination=====
=====Vaccination=====
Vaccinate horses in the face of an outbreak. Vaccinate mares one month prior to foaling. Colostral-derived Ab persists for 6-7 months. Although folas ca be vaccinated at any time, they should be re-vaccinated at 6 months and at one year if they were vaccinated early. Most vaccines are killed (inactivated formalin) and elicit significant increases in Ab titre after 3 days. Protective titres last for 6-8 months. Some cross-protection is seen between the serotypes but not between WEE and EEE. Monovalent, divalent and trivalent vaccines are available but the response to VEE vaccination alone is decreased in horses previously vaccinated against WEE and EEE. Susceptible horses should be vaccinated annually in late spring or several months before the high risk season. Biannual or triannual vaccination is recommended in regions where the mosquito season is prolonged. '''Human vaccination recommended for vets in endemic areas'''.
=====Vector control=====
=====Vector control=====
Responsible use of insecticides and repellents, elimination of standing water and stable screening will all help to reduce viral transmission. Environmental application of insecticides may be useful in endemic areas or during an outbreak. Horses infected with Venezuelan EEV should be isolated for 3 weeks after complete recovery and such cases are reportable in the United States.
Responsible use of insecticides and repellents, elimination of standing water and stable screening will all help to reduce viral transmission. Environmental application of insecticides may be useful in endemic areas or during an outbreak. Horses infected with Venezuelan EEV should be isolated for 3 weeks after complete recovery and such cases are reportable in the United States.