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[[Image:intussuceptionphoto.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Intersusception (Courtesy of Bristol BioMed Image Archive)]]

[[Image:intussuceptionphoto.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Intersusception (Courtesy of Bristol BioMed Image Archive)]]

Intussusception results from abnormal peristalsis. Vigorous contractions force the more proximal intestine to invaginate into the adjacent distal portion, taking its mesenteric attachment with it. Compression of the mesenteric vessels cause vascular compromise to the instestine, resulting in venous congestion, oedema and if the aterial supply is damaged full thickness necrosis. An inflammatory exudate is released from the serosal surface and fibrinous adhesions may form, making the structure irreducible.

Intussusception results from abnormal peristalsis. Vigorous contractions force the more proximal intestine to invaginate into the adjacent distal portion, taking its mesenteric attachment with it. Obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract follows which may lead to rupture and peritonitis. Compression of the mesenteric vessels cause vascular compromise to the instestine, resulting in venous congestion, oedema and if the aterial supply is damaged, full thickness necrosis. An inflammatory exudate is released from the serosal surface and fibrinous adhesions may form, making the structure irreducible.

Intussusception normally occurs due to gastrointestinal disease, although it is often hard to identify the cause. It is associated with any condition that increases peristalsis such as  

Intussusception normally occurs due to gastrointestinal disease, although it is often hard to identify the cause. It is associated with any condition that increases peristalsis such as

** Enteritis

** Enteritis

** Foreign body

** Foreign body

*Abdominal discomfort

*Abdominal discomfort

*collapse

*collapse

*Palpable sausage-shaped mass in the abdomen

*Palpable abdominal tubular mass

*Diarrhoea; bloody and mucoid  

*Diarrhoea- bloody and mucoid  

*Tenesmus and Haematochezia; in cases of ileocaecocolic intussusception

*Tenesmus and Haematochezia in cases of ileocaecocolic intussusception

====Chronic Intussusception====

====Chronic Intussusception====

*Intermittent diarrhoea, which may be bloody and mucoid

*Intermittent diarrhoea- bloody and mucoid

*Tenesmus

*Tenesmus

*Depression

*Depression

===Ultrasound===

===Ultrasound===

Abdominal ultrasound will reveal a cylindrical mass with layering of the intestinal wall. On a transverse section, a hyperechoic target mass in the centre with multiple hyperechoic and hypoechoic concentric ring is seen.  On a longitudinal section, multiple hyperechoic and hypoechoic lines are seen.  The intestines may also be hypomotile and the intestine proximal to the obstruction may be distented with fluid.  

Abdominal ultrasound will reveal a cylindrical mass with layering of the intestinal wall. The intestines may also be hypomotile, with distension proximal to the obstruction.

 

===Endoscopy===

===Endoscopy===

Colonoscopy can identify ileocolic or caecocolic intussusception. Oesopgagoscopy can reveal a gastroesophageal intussusception, a soft tissue mass is visible in the lumen of the oesophagus.

Colonoscopy can identify ileocolic or caecocolic intussusception. Oesopgagoscopy can reveal a gastroesophageal intussusception, a soft tissue mass is visible in the lumen of the oesophagus.

*Hall, E.J, Simpson, J.W. and Williams, D.A. (2005) '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Gastroenterology (2nd Edition)''' ''BSAVA''

*Hall, E.J, Simpson, J.W. and Williams, D.A. (2005) '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Gastroenterology (2nd Edition)''' ''BSAVA''

*Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) '''Small Animal Internal Medicine (Fourth Edition)''' ''Mosby Elsevier''.

*Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) '''Small Animal Internal Medicine (Fourth Edition)''' ''Mosby Elsevier''.