Changes

==Distribution==

==Distribution==

Virus distribution is largely dictated by the distribution of appropriate vectors.  Thus Eastern EEV can be found in a region extending from eastern Canada at its northern extremity, down throughout the Caribbean and in parts of Central and South America.  The virus has also been identifed in the Philippines and may be present in Europe.  Over the last two decades, Western EEV has rarely caused disease in the western United States, although it is found here in avian reservoir hosts.  As well as producing disease outbreaks in Mexico, Venezuela and colombia, Venezuelan EEV has recently been recognized in Peru, Brazil, French Guiana and Trinidad.

Virus distribution is largely dictated by the distribution of appropriate vectors.  Thus Eastern EEV can be found in a region extending from eastern Canada at its northern extremity, down throughout the Caribbean and in parts of Central and South America.  The virus has also been identifed in the Philippines and may be present in Europe.  Over the last two decades, Western EEV has rarely caused disease in the western United States, although it is found here in avian reservoir hosts.  As well as producing disease outbreaks in Mexico, Venezuela and Colombia, Venezuelan EEV has recently been recognized in Peru, Brazil, French Guiana and Trinidad.

===Reservoirs===

===Reservoirs===

===Vectors===

===Vectors===

During a blood meal, mosquito vectors transmit viral particles between wild animal hosts.  Viruses that are able to penetrate the mosquito's gut can pass via the haemolymph to the oral glands.  Here, viral replication is followed by the shedding of viral particles into the saliva and other oral secretions.  Viral multiplication may not be necessary for transmission if the original blood meal contained sufficient numbers of viral particles.  It is thought that the mosquito remains permanently infected.   

During a blood meal, [[Culicidae|mosquito]] vectors transmit viral particles between wild animal hosts.  Viruses that are able to penetrate the mosquito's gut can pass via the haemolymph to the oral glands.  Here, viral replication is followed by the shedding of viral particles into the saliva and other oral secretions.  Viral multiplication may not be necessary for transmission if the original blood meal contained sufficient numbers of viral particles.  It is thought that the mosquito remains permanently infected.   

The most significant disease vectors for each viral serotype are:

The most significant disease vectors for each viral serotype are:

*Eastern EEV: ''Aedes'' spp.

*Eastern EEV: ''Aedes'' spp.