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→Vectors
*Western EEV: ''Culex tarsalis''
*Western EEV: ''Culex tarsalis''
*Venezuelan EEV: ''Culex melanconium'', ''Aedes'' spp., ''Phosphora'' spp.<ref name="multiple">Bertone, J.J (2010) Viral Encephalitis in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12</ref>.
*Venezuelan EEV: ''Culex melanconium'', ''Aedes'' spp., ''Phosphora'' spp.<ref name="multiple">Bertone, J.J (2010) Viral Encephalitis in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12</ref>.
''Culiseta melanura'' is another vector for Eastern EEV. It feeds mostly on swamp birds, completing an enzootic cycle of viral transmission. ''C.melanura'' is thus an inhabitant of freshwater swamps and is not usually found in areas densely populated by equids. Epizootics and epidemics of Eastern EEV disease are propagated by ''Aedes'' spp. Western EEV persists in an enzootic cycle with passerine birds, transmitted by ''C.tarsalis''. Other vectors or overwintering hosts for this serotype may include [[Dermacentor spp.|''Dermacentor andersoni'']] ticks, ''Triatoma sanguisuga'' (the assassin bug), and the cliff swallow bug (''Oeciacus vicarius''). Epidemic strains of Venezuelan EEV have infected mosquito species from several genera and this viral serotype may also be transmitted by ticks.<ref name="multiple">Bertone, J.J (2010) Viral Encephalitis in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12</ref>.
''Culiseta melanura'' is another vector for Eastern EEV. It feeds mostly on swamp birds, completing an enzootic cycle of viral transmission. ''C.melanura'' is thus an inhabitant of freshwater swamps and is not usually found in areas densely populated by equids.<ref> Hoff, G.L, Bigler, W.J, Buff, E.E, Beck, E (1978) Occurrence and distribution of western equine encephalomyelitis in Florida, ''J Am Vet Med Assoc'', 172:351-352. In: Bertone, J.J (2010) Viral Encephalitis in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12</ref> Epizootics and epidemics of Eastern EEV disease are propagated by ''Aedes'' spp. Western EEV persists in an enzootic cycle with passerine birds, transmitted by ''C.tarsalis''. Other vectors or overwintering hosts for this serotype may include [[Dermacentor spp.|''Dermacentor andersoni'']] ticks, ''Triatoma sanguisuga'' (the assassin bug), and the cliff swallow bug (''Oeciacus vicarius''). Epidemic strains of Venezuelan EEV have infected mosquito species from several genera and this viral serotype may also be transmitted by ticks.<ref name="multiple">Bertone, J.J (2010) Viral Encephalitis in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12</ref>.
==Virus Identification==
==Virus Identification==