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Syngamus trachea (view source)

Revision as of 11:56, 16 July 2010

419 bytes removed , 11:56, 16 July 2010

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''S. bronchialis'' is a nematode of the superfamily ''strongyloidea'', and are found worldwide. It commonly affects the lungs of many game birds within the UK.

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'''Scientific Classification'''

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{| cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1"

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| Kingdom

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| Animalia

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|-

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| Phylum

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| Nematoda

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|-

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| Class

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| Secernentea

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|-

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| Order

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| Strongylida

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|-

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| Family

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| Syngamidae

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|-

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| Genus

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| Syngamus

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|-

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| Species

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| '''S. trachea'''

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|}

==Hosts==

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==Life Cycle==

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L1-L3 develops in the egg. Infection may be via ingestion of L3 in the egg, or a hatched L3, or ingestion of a paratenic host, most commonly the earthworm.

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The L3 then penetrate the intestine, and enter the lungs. The L3 then undergo 2 further moults, and copulation occurs in the trachea a few days later.

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*The '~~gapeworm' - an atypical strongyloid.~~

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The prepatent period of ''S. trachea'' is between 16 and 20 days.

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*Deep red in colour.

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*'Y'~~-shaped as the smaller male is permanently attached to the female~~.

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*Lives in the trachea.

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*Wide host range, including many wild birds (rooks and crows commonly affected) as well as poultry and game birds.

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*Causes respiratory distress ('''gapes'''~~), especially in young birds.~~

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~~==== Life-Cycle ====~~

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*The egg is ~~like a typical strongyle egg, except that there is an operculum at each end.~~

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*Infective larva develops inside the egg.

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*Birds can be infected by ingesting:

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**the larvated egg

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**the larva after hatching out of the egg

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**or by eating an earthworm (transport host) that has previously swallowed an egg or larva.

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~~==== Epidemiology ====~~

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~~Gapes is a common~~ and ~~serious problem in pheasant poults~~. ~~A common sequence of events is as follows:~~

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*Infected wild birds (e.g. crows):

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~~→ droppings on ground~~

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~~→ soil contaminated with ''Syngamus'' eggs~~

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~~→ earthworms infected~~

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~~→ reservoir of infection~~

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~~→ eaten by pheasant poults reared on earth-floored pens in woodland~~

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~~→ disease.~~

[[Category:Strongyloidea]][[Category:Poultry Nematodes]]

[[Category:To_Do_-_Max]]

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