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Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology (view source)
Revision as of 17:47, 16 July 2010
, 17:47, 16 July 2010no edit summary
[[Image:Cow skull lateral view.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Cow skull (incisive bone, nasal bone, maxilla, nasoincisive notch labelled) - Copyright nabrown RVC]]
[[Image:Cow skull lateral view.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Cow skull (incisive bone, nasal bone, maxilla, nasoincisive notch labelled) - Copyright nabrown RVC]]
'''Incisive Bone (os incisivium)'''
*Paired
*Paired
*Composed of body, nasal, palatine and alveolar parts
*Composed of body, nasal, palatine and alveolar parts
*Joins with the maxilla to form the interalveolar margin
*Joins with the maxilla to form the interalveolar margin
*Forms the rostral part of the facial section of the skull, the roof of the [[Hard Palate - Anatomy & Physiology|hard palate]] and the opening to the nasal cavity
*Forms the rostral part of the facial section of the skull, the roof of the [[Hard Palate - Anatomy & Physiology|hard palate]] and the opening to the nasal cavity
*The alveolar process form conical sockets for the incisor teeth
*The alveolar process form conical sockets for the incisor teeth
'''Palatine Bone (os palatinum)'''
*Paired
*Paired
*Between the maxilla, sphenoid and pterygoid bones
*Between the maxilla, sphenoid and pterygoid bones
*Composed of a horizontal plate (forms part of the [[Hard Palate - Anatomy & Physiology|hard palate]]), perpendicular plate (forms the dorsal and lateral walls of the nasopharyngeal meatus) and the choanae
*Composed of a horizontal plate (forms part of the [[Hard Palate - Anatomy & Physiology|hard palate]]), perpendicular plate (forms the dorsal and lateral walls of the nasopharyngeal meatus) and the choanae
*Nasal crest present on the horizontal plate
*Nasal crest present on the horizontal plate
*Palatine sinus present on horizontal plate
*Palatine sinus present on horizontal plate
[[Image:Palatine Bone.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Palatine Bone and Maxilla (Pig) - Copyright nabrown RVC]]
[[Image:Palatine Bone.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Palatine Bone and Maxilla (Pig) - Copyright nabrown RVC]]
'''Vomer'''
*Unpaired
*Unpaired
*Extends from the choanae of the palatine bone to the floor of the nasal cavity
*Extends from the choanae of the palatine bone to the floor of the nasal cavity
*Attaches to the median nuchal crest
*Attaches to the median nuchal crest
*Septal sulcus formed which surrounds nasal cavity
*Septal sulcus formed which surrounds nasal cavity
'''Pterygoid Bone (os pterygoideum)'''
*Paired
*Paired
*Bordered by the palatine and sphenoid bones
*Bordered by the palatine and sphenoid bones
*Forms dorsal and lateral walls of the nasopharyngeal cavity
*Forms dorsal and lateral walls of the nasopharyngeal cavity
*Pterygoid hamulus present
*Pterygoid hamulus present
'''Maxilla'''
[[Image:Horse Maxilla.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Horse Maxilla - Copyright RVC]]
[[Image:Horse Maxilla.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Horse Maxilla - Copyright RVC]]
*Forms most of the facial part of the skull, including the lateral walls of the face, nasal cavity, [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]] and [[Hard Palate - Anatomy & Physiology|hard palate]]
*Forms most of the facial part of the skull, including the lateral walls of the face, nasal cavity, [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]] and [[Hard Palate - Anatomy & Physiology|hard palate]]
*Forms the ventral nasal conchae
*Forms the ventral nasal conchae
*It articulates with all of the facial bones as it is the largest bone of the face
*It articulates with all of the facial bones as it is the largest bone of the face
*The maxillary body encloses the maxillary sinuses and forms the external surface of the face
*The maxillary body encloses the maxillary sinuses and forms the external surface of the face
**Facial crest present
**Facial crest present
*Infraorbital foramen palpable
*Infraorbital foramen palpable
*Conchal crest on nasal surface where the ventral nasal conchae attaches
*Conchal crest on nasal surface where the ventral nasal conchae attaches
*Lacrimal canal opens into the lacrimal foramen on the nasal surface
*Lacrimal canal opens into the lacrimal foramen on the nasal surface
*Pterygopalatine surfaces are the caudal part of the maxilla which terminate in the maxillary tubercle where the sphenopalatine, maxillary and caudal palatine foramen are present
*Pterygopalatine surfaces are the caudal part of the maxilla which terminate in the maxillary tubercle where the sphenopalatine, maxillary and caudal palatine foramen are present
*Alveolar processes present separated by interalveolar septa
*Alveolar processes present separated by interalveolar septa
*Palatine process forms the [[Hard Palate - Anatomy & Physiology|hard palate]] with the palatine bone
*Palatine process forms the [[Hard Palate - Anatomy & Physiology|hard palate]] with the palatine bone
*Palatine fissure formed at the articulation with the incisive bone
*Palatine fissure formed at the articulation with the incisive bone
*Nasal surface of palatine process forms the nasal crest and encloses part of the palatine sinuses
*Nasal surface of palatine process forms the nasal crest and encloses part of the palatine sinuses
*Oral surface has numerous palatine foramina present
*Oral surface has numerous palatine foramina present
[[Image:Cow Mandible.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Mandible of the Cow in situ - Copyright nabrown RVC]]
[[Image:Cow Mandible.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Mandible of the Cow in situ - Copyright nabrown RVC]]