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====Differential Diagnoses====
 
====Differential Diagnoses====
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The disease may mimic almost any neurological disease because the parasite can localise in any region of the central nervous system (CNS).(EPM 8)
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Includes virtually all diseases of the CNS (Furr)
    
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|PCR (Furr)
 
|PCR (Furr)
 
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|Rabies
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|Rapid progression (Sommardahl), behavioural alterations, depression, seizure, coma (Long)
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|Post-mortem dx (Sommardahl)
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|Polyneuritis equi
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|Cranial nerve deficits peripheral with no change in attitude (6 p623 in Saville)
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|Western blot analysis of CSF(20 p623 in Saville)
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|-
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|Equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy
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|Symmetrical signs (Nout, p606)
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|May get increased CSF CK (3 in Nout p608) and reduced serum Vitamin E concentrations but unreliable ante mortem dx
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|Verminous encephalomyelitis
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|Acute onset
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|CSF analysis(Jose-Cunilleras)
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|Bacterial meningoencephalitis
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|Stiff neck (Pasq)
 
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|CNS abscessation (Furr)
 
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|Spinal trauma(Pasq)
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|Hx (usually acute onest nuero signs), usually spolitary lesion loclaised by neuro exa (71 p589)
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|Rads, myelography, CT, MRI, nuclear scintigraphy, CSF analysis, nerve conduction velocities, EMG, transcranial magnetic stimulation (p590)
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|Occipito-atlanto-axial malformation
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|Deficits develop before 6mths (7,12, Seino)
 
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|Spinal tumors
 
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|CT, MRI, definitive dx requires cytology, biopsy, histopathology, CSF analysis (Sellon)
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|Sorghum cystitis/ataxia (Pasq)
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|Posterior ataxia or paresis, cystitis, hx of grazing Sorghum species (Talcott, ch22
 
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   −
The disease may mimic almost any neurological disease because the parasite can localise in any region of the central nervous system (CNS).(EPM 8)
  −
Includes virtually all diseases of the CNS (Furr)
  −
  −
  −
Rabies – rapid progression (Sommardahl), behavioural alterations, depression, seizure, coma (Long), post-mortem dx (Sommardahl)
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Multifocal disease, ataxia and muscle atrophy also found with:
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Polyneuritis equi – cranial nerve deficits peripheral with no change in attitude (6 p623 in Saville), differentiate by Western blot analysis of CSF(20 p623 in Saville)
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Equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy – symmetrical signs (Nout, p606) may get increased CSF CK (3 in Nout p608) and reduced serum Vitamin E concentrations but unreliable ante mortem dx
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Changes in leukogram and CSF seen with:
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Verminous encephalomyelitis – acute onset, CSF analysis (Jose-Cunilleras)
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Bacterial meningoencephalitis  - stiff neck
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CNS abscessation (Furr)
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Spinal trauma  (Pasq) – hx (usually acute onest nuero signs), usually spolitary lesion loclaised by neuro exa (71 p589) rads, myelography, CT, MRI, nuclear scintigraphy, CSF analysis, nerve conduction velocities, EMG, transcranial magnetic stimulation (p590)
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Occipito-atlanto-axial malformation – deficits develop before 6mths (7,12, Seino)
   
Cauda equina neuritis
 
Cauda equina neuritis
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Spinal tumors – CT, MRI, definitive dx requires cytology, biopsy, histopathology, CSF analysis (Sellon)
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Sorghum cystitis/ataxia (Pasq) – posterior ataxia or paresis, cystitis, hx of grazing Sorghum species (Talcott, ch22)
      
====Prognosis====
 
====Prognosis====
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