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Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (view source)
Revision as of 10:31, 17 July 2010
, 10:31, 17 July 2010no edit summary
|Cervical vertebral malformation (CVM, cervical compressive myelopathy, cervical vertebral instability, cervical spondylomyelopathy, Wobbler's syndrome)
|Cervical vertebral malformation (CVM, cervical compressive myelopathy, cervical vertebral instability, cervical spondylomyelopathy, Wobbler's syndrome)
|Symmetrical gait deficits, worse in pelvic limbs<ref>Mayhew, I.G, deLahunta, A, Whitlock, R.H, Krook, L, Tasker, J.B (1978) Spinal cord disease in the horse, ''Cornell Vet'', 68(Suppl 8):110-120. In: Hahn, C.N (2010) ''Cervical Vertebral Malformation'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12.</ref> with spasticity and dysmetria, good retention of strength, no muscle wasting<ref name="Furr">Furr, M (2010) ''Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12.</ref> '''NB:can be concurrent with EPM'''.<ref name="Hahn">Hahn, C.N (2010) ''Cervical Vertebral Malformation'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12.</ref>
|Symmetrical gait deficits, worse in pelvic limbs<ref>Mayhew, I.G, deLahunta, A, Whitlock, R.H, Krook, L, Tasker, J.B (1978) Spinal cord disease in the horse, ''Cornell Vet'', 68(Suppl 8):110-120. In: Hahn, C.N (2010) ''Cervical Vertebral Malformation'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12.</ref> with spasticity and dysmetria, good retention of strength, no muscle wasting<ref name="Furr">Furr, M (2010) ''Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12.</ref> '''NB:can be concurrent with EPM'''.<ref name="Hahn">Hahn, C.N (2010) ''Cervical Vertebral Malformation'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12.</ref>
|Standing plain lateral rads of C1 to T1.<ref name="Hahn">Hahn, C.N (2010) ''Cervical Vertebral Malformation'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12.</ref>
|Standing plain lateral radiography of C1 to T1.<ref name="Hahn">Hahn, C.N (2010) ''Cervical Vertebral Malformation'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12.</ref>
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|WNV encephalitis
|WNV encephalitis
|Systemically ill, pyrexia and changes in leukogram
|Systemically ill, pyrexia and changes in leukogram. Difficult if horse afebrile and has no excessive muscle fasciculations<ref name="Long">Long, M.T (2010) ''Flavivirus Encephalitis'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12.</ref>
|CSF abnormal, IgM capture ELISA
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|EEE
|EEE
|Systemically ill, pyrexia and changes in leukogram, abnormal motor function (Long), rapidly progressive (seino, p134)
|Systemically ill, pyrexia and changes in leukogram, abnormal motor function<ref name="Long">Long, M.T (2010) ''Flavivirus Encephalitis'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12.</ref, rapidly progressive (seino, p134)
|CSF abnormal
|CSF abnormal
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|WEE
|WEE
|Systemically ill, pyrexia and changes in leukogram, abnormal motor function (Long)
|Systemically ill, pyrexia and changes in leukogram, abnormal motor function<ref name="Long">Long, M.T (2010) ''Flavivirus Encephalitis'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12.</ref>
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|Equine herpesvirus-1 myeloencephalopathy
|Equine herpesvirus-1 myeloencephalopathy
|Sudden onset and early stabilization of neuro signs, multiple horses affected, recent fever, abortion (14 in Wilson and Pusterla p615) dysuria not often seen in EPM
|Sudden onset and early stabilization of neuro signs, multiple horses affected, recent fever, abortion (14 in Wilson and Pusterla p615) dysuria not often seen in EPM
|PCR (Furr)
|CSF abnormal, PCR<ref name="Furr">Furr, M (2010) ''Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12.</ref>
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|Rabies
|Rabies
|Rapid progression (Sommardahl), behavioural alterations, depression, seizure, coma (Long)
|Rapid progression (Sommardahl), behavioural alterations, depression, seizure, coma.<ref name="Long">Long, M.T (2010) ''Flavivirus Encephalitis'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12.</ref>
|Post-mortem dx (Sommardahl)
|Post-mortem dx (Sommardahl)
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|Equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy
|Equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy
|Symmetrical signs (Nout, p606)
|Symmetrical signs<ref>Nout, Y.S (2010) ''Equine Degenerative Myeloencephalopathy'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12.</ref>
|May get increased CSF CK (3 in Nout p608) and reduced serum Vitamin E concentrations but unreliable ante mortem dx
|May get increased CSF CK<ref>Mayhew, I.G, deLahunta, A, Whitlock, R.H, Krook, L, Tasker, J.B (1978) Spinal cord disease in the horse, ''Cornell Vet'', 68(Suppl 8):1-207. In: Nout, Y.S (2010) ''Equine Degenerative Myeloencephalopathy'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12.</ref> and reduced serum Vitamin E concentrations but unreliable ante mortem dx
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|Verminous encephalomyelitis
|Verminous encephalomyelitis
|Acute onset
|Acute onset
|CSF analysis(Jose-Cunilleras)
|CSF analysis<ref>Jose-Cunilleras, E (2010) ''Verminous Encephalomyelitis'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12.</ref>
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|Bacterial meningoencephalitis
|Bacterial meningoencephalitis
|Stiff neck (Pasq)
|Stiff neck<ref name="Pasq">Pasquini, C, Pasquini, S, Woods, P (2005) '''Guide to Equine Clinics Volume 1: Equine Medicine''' (Third edition), ''SUDZ Publishing'', 245-250.</ref>
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|CNS abscessation (Furr)
|CNS abscessation<ref name="Furr">Furr, M (2010) ''Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12.</ref>
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|Spinal trauma(Pasq)
|Spinal trauma<ref name="Pasq">Pasquini, C, Pasquini, S, Woods, P (2005) '''Guide to Equine Clinics Volume 1: Equine Medicine''' (Third edition), ''SUDZ Publishing'', 245-250.</ref>
|Hx (usually acute onest nuero signs), usually spolitary lesion loclaised by neuro exa (71 p589)
|Hx (usually acute onest nuero signs), usually spolitary lesion loclaised by neuro exa (71 p589)
|Rads, myelography, CT, MRI, nuclear scintigraphy, CSF analysis, nerve conduction velocities, EMG, transcranial magnetic stimulation (p590)
|Rads, myelography, CT, MRI, nuclear scintigraphy, CSF analysis, nerve conduction velocities, EMG, transcranial magnetic stimulation (p590)
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|Occipito-atlanto-axial malformation
|Occipito-atlanto-axial malformation (OAAM)
|Deficits develop before 6mths (7,12, Seino)
|Deficits develop before 6mths in Arabian horse (7,12, Seino)
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|Radiography
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|Spinal tumors
|Spinal tumors
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|Signs can usually be localized to one region of the CNS
|CT, MRI, definitive dx requires cytology, biopsy, histopathology, CSF analysis (Sellon)
|CT, MRI, definitive dx requires cytology, biopsy, histopathology, CSF analysis<ref>Sellon, D.C (2010) ''Miscellaneous Neurologic Disorders'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12.</ref>
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|Sorghum cystitis/ataxia (Pasq)
|Sorghum cystitis/ataxia<ref name="Pasq">Pasquini, C, Pasquini, S, Woods, P (2005) '''Guide to Equine Clinics Volume 1: Equine Medicine''' (Third edition), ''SUDZ Publishing'', 245-250.</ref>
|Posterior ataxia or paresis, cystitis, hx of grazing Sorghum species (Talcott, ch22
|Posterior ataxia or paresis, cystitis, hx of grazing Sorghum species (Talcott, ch22
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