Changes

{{unfinished}

{{unfinished}

==Description==  

==Description==  

A highly malignant neoplasia that readily metastasizes to the medial iliac lymph nodes. Around 50% may lead to [[Hypercalcaemia - Small Animal |paraneoplastic hypercalcaemia]] due to parathyroid hormone-related peptide(PTH-rP) . The tumours can be between 1 and 10cm in size and 50% of them will metastasize.  

A highly malignant neoplasia that readily metastasizes to the medial iliac lymph nodes. Around 50% may lead to paraneoplastic [[Hypercalcaemia - Small Animal |hypercalcaemia]] due to parathyroid hormone-related peptide(PTH-rP) . The tumours can be between 1 and 10cm in size and 50% of them will metastasize.  

==Signalment==

==Signalment==

===Laboratory Tests===

===Laboratory Tests===

Serum Biochemistry

Serum Biochemistry:

Hypercalcaemia is present in 50%-90% of dogs with anal sac adenocarcinoma. This is thought to occur due to the expression of a gene for  parathyroid hormone-related peptide by the tumour. Parathyroid hormone-related peptide has actions similar to parathyroid hormone, it acts to increase calcium levels in the blood. In severe cases of hypercalcaemia organ function can become compromised, changing other organ parameters on the biochemistry panel.  

Hypercalcaemia is present in 50%-90% of dogs with anal sac adenocarcinoma. This is thought to occur due to the expression of a gene for  parathyroid hormone-related peptide by the tumour. Parathyroid hormone-related peptide has actions similar to parathyroid hormone, it acts to increase calcium levels in the blood. In severe cases of hypercalcaemia organ function can become compromised changing specific parameters on the biochemistry panel.  

Urinalysis

Urinalysis:

Patients may be dehydrated with a pre-renal azotaemia due but have a relatively low [[Urine Analysis - Pathology |urine specific gravity]].

Patients may be dehydrated with a pre-renal azotaemia due but have a relatively low [[Urine Analysis - Pathology |urine specific gravity]].