Changes

*'''Sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine combination, 'Re-Balance'''': administered PO daily for a minimum of 90 days. Due to availability and ease of administration, some use an off-label regimen of trimethoprimsulfa tablets with pyrimethamine tablets.  ''Mode of action'': trimethoprim, sulfadiazine, and pyrimethamine all inhibit enzymes of folic acid synthesis.  ''Efficacy'': 61.5% improvement by one clinical grade.(98 in furr)''Potential adverse effects'': bone marrow suppression (mild anaemia, leucopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia), fever, anorexia, depression, acute worsening of ataxiam altered reproductive performance in stallions (19 in IVIS 4), congenital defects(20 in IVIS 4) and abortion.  Folic acid deficiency may also cause gastrointestinal disturbances such as glossitis.(18 in IVIS 4) Blood dyscrazias are typically self-limiting and resolve on withdrawal of treatment. (Furr)

*'''Sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine combination, 'Re-Balance'''': administered PO daily for a minimum of 90 days. Due to availability and ease of administration, some use an off-label regimen of trimethoprimsulfa tablets with pyrimethamine tablets.  ''Mode of action'': trimethoprim, sulfadiazine, and pyrimethamine all inhibit enzymes of folic acid synthesis.  ''Efficacy'': 61.5% improvement by one clinical grade.(98 in furr)''Potential adverse effects'': bone marrow suppression (mild anaemia, leucopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia), fever, anorexia, depression, acute worsening of ataxiam altered reproductive performance in stallions (19 in IVIS 4), congenital defects(20 in IVIS 4) and abortion.  Folic acid deficiency may also cause gastrointestinal disturbances such as glossitis.(18 in IVIS 4) Blood dyscrazias are typically self-limiting and resolve on withdrawal of treatment. (Furr)

*''Ponazuril (Marquis, Bayer Animal Health)''': ''Efficacy'': well absorbed PO, achieves steady state therapeutic concentration in CSF within 3 days(100 in Furr), clinical response within 10 days, 60% improvement by at least one clinical grade, 8% relapse within 90 days of stopping treatment(91 in Furr).  V safe, no sstemci toxicity even at high doses (101 in Furr), use in pregannt animals is off-label, feeding corn oil immediately prior to admin may enahcne absrobption of durg (103 in Furr)

*'''Ponazuril (Marquis, Bayer Animal Health)''': PO daily for 28 days, use in pregnant animals is off-label.  ''Mode of action'': ponazuril is a triazinetrione antiprotozoal that targets the “apicoplast” organelle and inhibits the respiratory chain.  ''Efficacy'': well absorbed PO, achieves steady state therapeutic concentration in CSF within 3 days(100 in Furr), clinical response within 10 days, 60% improvement by at least one clinical grade, 8% relapse within 90 days of stopping treatment(91 in Furr).  ''Potential adverse effects'': none in a multi-centre field study (IVIS 4), no systemic toxicity even at high doses.(101 in Furr)However, the manufacturer reports signs that may have been related to treatment including blisters on nose and mouth, skin rash or hives, loose stools, mild colic, and a seizure.(IVIS 4)

Ponazuril is a triazinetrione antiprotozoal drug that targets the “apicoplast” organelle and inhibits energy metabolism (respiratory chains). The label dosage regimen PO daily for 28 days.  A multi-center field study - no adverse effects were noted.  However, information provided by the manufacturer reports “unusual daily observations” in eight animals that may have been related to treatment including blisters on nose and mouth, skin rash or hives, loose stools, mild colic, and a seizure.(IVIS 4)

 

 

Diclazuril po, SID, chemically similar to ponazuril, one study imorvment in 58% cases if gven for 28days (98 in Furr), approved by FDA for use as top-dress tablet but not comemrically avialable, no adverse effects in effciacy study.(Furr)

Diclazuril po, SID, chemically similar to ponazuril, one study imorvment in 58% cases if gven for 28days (98 in Furr), approved by FDA for use as top-dress tablet but not comemrically avialable, no adverse effects in effciacy study.(Furr)