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Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (view source)
Revision as of 13:34, 20 July 2010
, 13:34, 20 July 2010→Treatment
===Antiprotozoals===
===Antiprotozoals===
The Food and Drug Administration has approved four treatments for use in horses, but not all of these are commercially available:(IVIS 4)
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved four treatments for use in horses with EPM, but not all of these are commercially available:(IVIS 4)
*'''Sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine combination, 'Re-Balance'''': administered PO daily for a minimum of 90 days. Due to availability and ease of administration, some use an off-label regimen of trimethoprimsulfa tablets with pyrimethamine tablets. ''Mode of action'': trimethoprim, sulfadiazine, and pyrimethamine all inhibit enzymes of folic acid synthesis. ''Efficacy'': 61.5% improvement by one clinical grade.(98 in furr)''Potential adverse effects'': bone marrow suppression (mild anaemia, leucopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia), fever, anorexia, depression, acute worsening of ataxiam altered reproductive performance in stallions (19 in IVIS 4), congenital defects(20 in IVIS 4) and abortion. Folic acid deficiency may also cause gastrointestinal disturbances such as glossitis.(18 in IVIS 4) Blood dyscrazias are typically self-limiting and resolve on withdrawal of treatment. (Furr)
*'''Sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine combination, 'Re-Balance'''': administered PO daily for a minimum of 90 days. Due to availability and ease of administration, some use an off-label regimen of trimethoprimsulfa tablets with pyrimethamine tablets. ''Mode of action'': trimethoprim, sulfadiazine, and pyrimethamine all inhibit enzymes of folic acid synthesis. ''Efficacy'': 61.5% improvement by one clinical grade.(98 in furr)''Potential adverse effects'': bone marrow suppression (mild anaemia, leucopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia), fever, anorexia, depression, acute worsening of ataxiam altered reproductive performance in stallions (19 in IVIS 4), congenital defects(20 in IVIS 4) and abortion. Folic acid deficiency may also cause gastrointestinal disturbances such as glossitis.(18 in IVIS 4) Blood dyscrazias are typically self-limiting and resolve on withdrawal of treatment. (Furr)