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==Description==

==Description==

'''Peritonitis''' is defined as the [[Inflammation - Pathology|inflammation]] of the [[Peritoneal cavity - Anatomy & Physiology|peritoneum]].  The inflammatory process leads to vasodilation, cellular infiltration, pain and adhesion.  This can be classified into primary or secondary peritonitis.

'''Peritonitis''' is defined as the [[Inflammation - Pathology|inflammation]] of the [[Peritoneal cavity - Anatomy & Physiology|peritoneum]].  The inflammatory response involves vasodilation, [[Exudate|exudation]] of protein-rich fluid, cellular infiltration, pain and, chronically, formation of fibrous adhesion.  The disease can be classified into primary and secondary cases.

'''Primary peritonitis''' occurs spontaneously without pre-existing pathology in the abdomen.  In cats, this form of peritonitis is associated with [[Feline Infections Peritonitis (FIP)|feline infectious peritonitis]].

'''Primary peritonitis''' occurs spontaneously without any pre-existing pathological process in the abdomen.  In cats, [[Feline Infections Peritonitis (FIP)|feline infectious peritonitis]] is the most common cause of primary peritonitis.

'''Secondary peritonitis''' occurs as the result of a pathological condition in the abdomen.  This can be further classified into '''septic''' or '''non-septic''' peritonitis.  '''Septic peritonitis''' results from free bacteria in the peritoneal cavity.  This can be caused by perforation of the gastrointestinal tract due to foreign bodies, necrosis, [[Intussusception|intussusception]], [[Neoplasia - Pathology|neoplasia]], foreign bodies or dehiscence.  Peritonitis as a result of wound dehiscence is most likely to occur 3-5 days post-operatively.  Septic peritonitis is the most common form that occurs in dogs.  '''Non-septic''', also known as '''chemical peritonitis''', may be the result of leakage of bile, urine or pancreatic enzymes.  Non-septic peritonitis can however cause septic peritonitis, for example in cases where septic urine is present.

'''Secondary peritonitis''' occurs as the result of a pre-existing pathological process within the abdomen.  It be further classified into '''septic''' or '''non-septic''' peritonitis, where septic peritonitis results from direct bacterial infection of the peritoneal cavity.  Septic peritonitis is the most common form in the dog and its causes include:

*'''Perforation of the gastro-intestinal tract''' due to foreign bodies, [[Intussusception|intussuscepta]], invasive [[Neoplasia - Pathology|neoplasia]] or dehiscence of surgical wounds or biopsy sites.  Peritonitis as a result of wound dehiscence is most likely to occur 3-5 days post-operatively.   

*'''Penetration of the abdomen''' by a stick, gunshot or other foreign body.

*Rupture of an infected uterus ('''pyometra'''), biliary tract or urinary tract.

==Diagnosis==

==Diagnosis==

For further information on peritonitis see: [http://inpractice.bvapublications.com/cgi/reprint/26/7/358?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=haemoabdomen&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&resourcetype=HWCIT] In Pra

For further information on peritonitis see: [http://inpractice.bvapublications.com/cgi/reprint/26/7/358?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=haemoabdomen&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&resourcetype=HWCIT] In Pra

[[Category:Peritoneal_Cavity_-_Inflammatory_Pathology]]

[[Category:Peritoneal_Cavity_-_Inflammatory_Pathology]]

 

[[Category:To_Do_-_Clinical]]

 

[[Category:To_Do_-_James]]