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==Description==
==Description==
Colitis X (so-called due to its unknown aetiology) is a peracute and highly fatal disease of horses. Is characterised by severe oedematous colitis, sudden watery diarrhoea and death within 24 hours. A number of possible underlying causes have been described, including drug or parasite hypersensitivity, salmonellosis, high-protein low-cellulose diets and clostridial enterocolitis. Stress has been reported as a predisposing factor to colitis X.
Colitis X (so-called due to its unknown aetiology) is a peracute and highly fatal disease of horses. Is characterised by severe oedematous colitis, sudden watery diarrhoea and death within 24 hours. A number of possible underlying causes have been described, including drug or parasite hypersensitivity, salmonellosis, high-protein low-cellulose diets and clostridial enterocolitis. Stress (such as surgery or transport) has been reported as a predisposing factor to colitis X.
==Signalment==
==Signalment==
==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
Diagnosis is often made post-mortem, where a hyperaemic, oedematous caecum and ventral colon may be seen. The intestinal wall may become necrotic in the later stages of the disease. Macroscopic and microscopic findings include signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation and large numbers of bacteria in the devitalized parts of the intestine.
==Pathology==
==Pathology==
* Glenn Songer, J., Trinh, H.T., Dial, S.M., Brazier, J.S., Glock, R.D. (2009) Equine colitis X associated with infection by Clostridium difficile NAP1/027. '''Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 21:377–380'''
* Glenn Songer, J., Trinh, H.T., Dial, S.M., Brazier, J.S., Glock, R.D. (2009) Equine colitis X associated with infection by Clostridium difficile NAP1/027. '''Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 21:377–380'''
* Diakakis, N. (2008) Equine colitis X. '''Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society (Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society) (Volume 59, Number 1): 23–28(6)
* Diakakis, N. (2008) Equine colitis X. '''Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society (Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society) 59:23–28(6)'''
* Schiefer HB (1981). Equine colitis "X", still an enigma?. '''The Canadian Veterinary Journal. La Revue Vétérinaire Canadienne 22 (5):162–5'''
* White, N.A., Edwards, G.B. (1999) '''Handbook of Equine Colic''' ''Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd''
* White, N.A., Edwards, G.B. (1999) '''Handbook of Equine Colic''' ''Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd''