Changes

===Laboratory Tests===

===Laboratory Tests===

Ideally, full routine routine haematology, biochemistry, urinalysis, faecal bacteriology and parasitology, diagnostic imaging and gastroduodenoscopy should be performed to identify any underlying disease.  A trypsin-like immunoassay (TLI) can be used diagnose [[Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency|exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI)]].   

Ideally, full routine routine haematology, biochemistry, urinalysis, faecal bacteriology and parasitology, diagnostic imaging and gastroduodenoscopy should be performed to identify any underlying disease.  A trypsin-like immunoassay (TLI) can be used to diagnose [[Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency|exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI)]].   

Traditionally, the gold standard direct test for diagnosing ARD has been '''culture of duodenal juice''' collected during endoscopy.  Unfortunately, this is an expensive test and it is rarely available.  However the major complaint to be made about duodenal juice culture is that it is currently not possible to define a normal control result in dogs <ref name="two">nothing</ref><ref name="three">German AJ, Day MJ, Ruaux CG, Steiner JM, Williams DA, Hall EJ. '''Comparison of direct and indirect tests for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and antibiotic-responsive diarrhea in dogs.''' ''J Vet Intern Med. 2003 Jan-Feb;17(1):33-43.''</ref> and cats.  Traditionally, bacterial numbers greater than 10e5 CFU/ml juice with anaerobes greater than 10e4 CFU/ml were considered to be diagnostic of ARD.

Traditionally, the gold standard direct test for diagnosing ARD has been '''culture of duodenal juice''' collected during endoscopy.  Unfortunately, this is an expensive test and it is rarely available.  However the major complaint to be made about duodenal juice culture is that it is currently not possible to define a normal control result in dogs <ref name="two">nothing</ref><ref name="three">German AJ, Day MJ, Ruaux CG, Steiner JM, Williams DA, Hall EJ. '''Comparison of direct and indirect tests for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and antibiotic-responsive diarrhea in dogs.''' ''J Vet Intern Med. 2003 Jan-Feb;17(1):33-43.''</ref> and cats.  Traditionally, bacterial numbers greater than 10e5 CFU/ml juice with anaerobes greater than 10e4 CFU/ml were considered to be diagnostic of ARD.