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==Description==

==Description==

[[Image:intussusception.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Diagram of intussuscception (Courtesy of Elspeth Milne)]]

[[Image:intussusception.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Diagram of intussuscception (Courtesy of Elspeth Milne)]]

===Pathogenesis===

===Pathogenesis===

Intussusception results from abnormal peristalsis. Vigorous contractions force the more proximal intestine to invaginate into the adjacent distal portion, taking its mesenteric attachment with it. Obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract causes distention which may lead to rupture and peritonitis. Compression of the mesenteric vessels cause vascular compromise to the instestine, resulting in venous congestion, oedema and if the aterial supply is damaged, full thickness necrosis. An inflammatory exudate is released from the serosal surface and fibrinous adhesions may form, making the structure irreducible.

Intussusception results from abnormal peristalsis. Vigorous contractions force the more proximal intestine to invaginate into the adjacent distal portion, taking its mesenteric attachment with it. Obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract causes distention which may lead to rupture and peritonitis. Compression of the mesenteric vessels cause vascular compromise to the instestine, resulting in venous congestion, oedema and if the aterial supply is damaged, full thickness necrosis. An inflammatory exudate is released from the serosal surface and fibrinous adhesions may form, making the structure irreducible.

* Change in diet

* Change in diet

* Bacterial infection

* Bacterial infection

==Signalment==

==Signalment==

Young animals are most commonly affected, 80% of cases are less than a year old.  

Young animals are most commonly affected, 80% of cases are less than a year old.  

==Diagnosis==

==Diagnosis==

*Anorexia

*Anorexia

*Weight loss

*Weight loss

===Radiography===

===Radiography===

Intussusception may occur due to post mortem change, in this case there are no other associated changes and the invaginated intestine is easily reducible.

Intussusception may occur due to post mortem change, in this case there are no other associated changes and the invaginated intestine is easily reducible.

==Treatment==

==Treatment==

[[Fluid Therapy|Fluid therapy]] and correction of electrolyte and acid-base abnormalities should be carried out prior to surgical correction.  

[[Fluid Therapy|Fluid therapy]] and correction of electrolyte and acid-base abnormalities should be carried out prior to surgical correction.  

Complications include dehiscence at the site of anastomosis, [[Peritonitis - Cats and Dogs|peritonitis]], recurrence (11-20%, most common within 1-5 days post surgery), ileus, intestinal obstruction and short bowel syndrome. Recurrence can be prevented by enteroplication of the small intestine, or by a left-sided gastroplexy of the fundus in cases of gastroesophageal intussusception.   

Complications include dehiscence at the site of anastomosis, [[Peritonitis - Cats and Dogs|peritonitis]], recurrence (11-20%, most common within 1-5 days post surgery), ileus, intestinal obstruction and short bowel syndrome. Recurrence can be prevented by enteroplication of the small intestine, or by a left-sided gastroplexy of the fundus in cases of gastroesophageal intussusception.   

==Prognosis==

==Prognosis==

This depends on the location, completeness and duration of the intusussception.  The prognosis is good in animals treated with early surgical intervention and aggressive supportive care.  The prognosis is poor for animals with perforated intestine and peritonitis.

This depends on the location, completeness and duration of the intusussception.  The prognosis is good in animals treated with early surgical intervention and aggressive supportive care.  The prognosis is poor for animals with perforated intestine and peritonitis.

==References==

==References==

*Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) '''Small Animal Internal Medicine (Fourth Edition)''' ''Mosby Elsevier''.

*Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) '''Small Animal Internal Medicine (Fourth Edition)''' ''Mosby Elsevier''.

*Tilley, L.P. and Smith, F.W.K.(2004)'''The 5-minute Veterinary Consult(Third edition)''' ''Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins''.

*Tilley, L.P. and Smith, F.W.K.(2004)'''The 5-minute Veterinary Consult(Third edition)''' ''Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins''.

[[Category:Intestine_-_Physical_Disturbances]]

[[Category:Intestine_-_Physical_Disturbances]]