Tyzzer's disease is an acute, highly fatal bacterial infection that is seen in a wide range of animals. It most commonly affects foals and laboratory animals, and dogs, cats and calves are occasionally affected. The bacteria that causes the disease is ''Clostridium piliforme'', a gram-negative spore-forming bacterium.
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The aetiology of the disease is poorly understood. Possible mechanisms include ingestion of spore-forming faeces or contact with carrier animals.