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Feline Infectious Peritonitis (view source)
Revision as of 23:02, 25 July 2010
, 23:02, 25 July 2010no edit summary
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{| cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1"
| Also known as:
| '''FIP'''
|-
|}
==Description==
====Antigenicity====
====Antigenicity====
*FIP occurs in 5-10% of cats infected with Feline Enteric Coronavirus (FECoV), which is quite common
*FIP occurs in 5-10% of cats infected with Feline Enteric Coronavirus (FECoV), which is quite common
*It is therefore antigenically indistinguishable from FECoV
*It is therefore antigenically indistinguishable from FECoV
====Hosts====
==Signalment==
*Domestic and wild cats
*Domestic and wild cats
==Diagnosis==
*Clinical signs
**FIP should be suspect in all cases of chronic weight loss or recurrent fever unresponsive to antibiotics, particularly in multiple cat situations
*Simple serology is impossible as most cats will have antibody to FECoV
*However, 4 indicators can be used to cross reference:
**High FECoV Ab titres
**Low albumin:globulin ratio in plasma/ascites (globulin levels rise in FIP)
**High levels of glycoprotein alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP)
**Low white cell counts
*FIP antigen detection by '''immunofluorescence''' in macrophages gives a definite positive diagnosis
*PM: look for characteristic lesions in vascular immune complex disease and lymphoid infiltration
==Pathogenesis==
*FECoV may cause mild respiratory symptoms and diarrhoea but is often asymptomatic
*FECoV may cause mild respiratory symptoms and diarrhoea but is often asymptomatic
*Weeks, months or years may intervene between localized primary FECoV infection and FIP development
*Weeks, months or years may intervene between localized primary FECoV infection and FIP development
*Cats making a biased Th-1 response are more likely to evade infection, whereas cats making a balanced response are at moderate risk and cats making a biased Th-2 response are at greater risk, as the virus is best tackled by cell mediation and not antibody
*Cats making a biased Th-1 response are more likely to evade infection, whereas cats making a balanced response are at moderate risk and cats making a biased Th-2 response are at greater risk, as the virus is best tackled by cell mediation and not antibody
*Cats compromised by '''immunosuppression''' (either iatrogenic or disease-related) are at a greater risk of developing FIP
*Cats compromised by '''immunosuppression''' (either iatrogenic or disease-related) are at a greater risk of developing FIP
Clinical signs:
==History and Clinical signs==
*Chronic weight loss
*Chronic weight loss
*Anorexia
*Anorexia
*FIP arises from a '''mutation of FECoV''' (in 5-10% of chronically infected cats) and not directly from cat to cat
*FIP arises from a '''mutation of FECoV''' (in 5-10% of chronically infected cats) and not directly from cat to cat
==Granulomatous Enteritis==
==Granulomatous Enteritis==
*causes pyogranulomatous lesions on the surface of many organs including the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]]
*causes pyogranulomatous lesions on the surface of many organs including the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]]
==Treatment==
==Control==
*Conventional vaccination is counterproductive as antibody worsens infection
*A non-systemic vaccine (Primucell) is available outside the UK
**Temperature-sensitive mutant
**Replication confined to nasal mucosa, providing local immunity and cell-mediated immunity
**Cannot protect cats already infected with FECoV
**Kittens must be isolated until old enough to vaccinate at 16 weeks
*Antibody tests are available to certify "FECoV-free" cat houses
==Prognosis==
==References==
[[Category:Coronaviridae]][[Category:Cat]]
[[Category:Coronaviridae]][[Category:Cat]]