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*In addition may have similar nodules in [[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of pneumonia|lungs]], '''lymph nodes''' and '''cutaneous lymphatics'''   
 
*In addition may have similar nodules in [[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of pneumonia|lungs]], '''lymph nodes''' and '''cutaneous lymphatics'''   
 
*Clinical signs: fever and head/ neck lymphadenitis, [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of rhinitis|rhinitis]]
 
*Clinical signs: fever and head/ neck lymphadenitis, [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of rhinitis|rhinitis]]
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*Largely eradicated but sporadic cases in Middle East, India, China
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*Pathogenesis:
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**Transmited by ingestion of food/water contaminated by nasal discharge of infected ''Equidae''; occasionally via inhalation or skin wounds
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**Organism invades nasopharyngeal mucosa and spreads to other tissues via lymphatics
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**Presence of ''B. mallei'' in host causes hypersensitivity reaction
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*Clinical infections:
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**Acute septicaemic form with fever, mucopurulent nasal discharge and respiratory signs; death within weeks
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**Chronic disease more common:
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***Nasal form: [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of rhinitis|rhinitis]]; ulcerative nodules develop on mucosa of nasal septum and lower part of turbinates; purulent blood-stained nasal discharge; regional lymphadenitis
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***Respiratory form: respiratory distress; granulomatous lesions throughout lungs
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***Cutaneous form (farcy): lymphangitis; nodules along lymphatic vesselsof limbs; ulcers develop and discharge pus
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***May die after several months or recover and shed organisms from respiratory tract or skin
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**Carnivores may contract disease by eating infected carcasses
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*Diagnosis:
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**Specimens include discharges from lesions and blood for serology
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**Grows on media containing 1% glycerol; most strains are non-lactose fermenters on MacConkey agar
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**Complement fixation and agglutination
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**Serology
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**Mallein test: mallein injected intradermally below lower eyelid; local swelling and discharge indicates positive reation
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*Treatment/control:
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**Test and slaughter policy where disease exotic
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**Disinfection of contaminated areas using formalin or an iodophor
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[[Category:Horse]]
 
[[Category:Horse]]
 
[[Category:Respiratory_Bacterial_Infections]]
 
[[Category:Respiratory_Bacterial_Infections]]
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[[Category:To_Do_-_Clinical]]
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