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| − | *Causes [[Glanders|glanders]], a contagious disease of ''Equidae''
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| − | *Nodules and ulcers in respiratory tract and on skin
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| − | *Largely eradicated but sporadic cases in Middle East, India, China
| + | ==Overview== |
| − | *Pathogenesis:
| + | ''Burkholderia mallei'' is a species of the ''[[Burkholderia species - Overview|Burkholderia]]'' genus. |
| − | **Transmited by ingestion of food/water contaminated by nasal discharge of infected ''Equidae''; occasionally via inhalation or skin wounds
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| − | **Organism invades nasopharyngeal mucosa and spreads to other tissues via lymphatics
| + | ''B.mallei'' causes [[Glanders|glanders]], a contagious disease of ''Equidae'' resulting in nodules and ulcers in the respiratory tract and on the skin. |
| − | **Presence of ''B. mallei'' in host causes hypersensitivity reaction
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| − | *Clinical infections:
| + | ''B.mallei'' can be transmited by ingestion of food or water contaminated by nasal discharge of infected ''Equidae'' and occasionally via inhalation or skin wounds. The presence of ''B. mallei'' in the host causes hypersensitivity reactions. |
| − | **Acute septicaemic form with fever, mucopurulent nasal discharge and respiratory signs; death within weeks
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| − | **Chronic disease more common:
| + | ==Diagnosis== |
| − | ***Nasal form: [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of rhinitis|rhinitis]]; ulcerative nodules develop on mucosa of nasal septum and lower part of turbinates; purulent blood-stained nasal discharge; regional lymphadenitis
| + | A diagnosis of ''B.mallei'' can be made by collecting specimens, including discharges from lesions and blood for serology. The bacteria grows on media containing 1% glycerol. Most strains are non-lactose fermenters on MacConkey agar. Complement fixation and agglutination can be carried out, as can serology. |
| − | ***Respiratory form: respiratory distress; granulomatous lesions throughout lungs
| + | The Mallein test can be done, where mallein is injected intradermally below the lower eyelid; local swelling and discharge indicates positive reation. |
| − | ***Cutaneous form (farcy): lymphangitis; nodules along lymphatic vesselsof limbs; ulcers develop and discharge pus
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| − | ***May die after several months or recover and shed organisms from respiratory tract or skin
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| − | **Carnivores may contract disease by eating infected carcasses
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| − | *Diagnosis:
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| − | **Specimens include discharges from lesions and blood for serology
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| − | **Grows on media containing 1% glycerol; most strains are non-lactose fermenters on MacConkey agar
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| − | **Complement fixation and agglutination
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| − | **Serology
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| − | **Mallein test: mallein injected intradermally below lower eyelid; local swelling and discharge indicates positive reation
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| − | *Treatment/control:
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| − | **Test and slaughter policy where disease exotic
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| − | **Disinfection of contaminated areas using formalin or an iodophor
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| | [[Category:Pseudomonas_and_Burkholderia_species]][[Category:Horse]] | | [[Category:Pseudomonas_and_Burkholderia_species]][[Category:Horse]] |
| − | [[Category:To_Do_-_Bacteria]] | + | |
| | + | [[Category:To_Do_-_AimeeHicks]] |