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===Diagnostic Imaging===
===Diagnostic Imaging===
'''Ultrasonography''' is most useful for detection of gastro-duodenal ulceration and of metastases in the liver and local lymph nodes.
'''Ultrasonography''' is most useful for detection of gastro-duodenal ulceration and of metastases in the liver, peritoneal cavity and local lymph nodes<ref>Robben JH, Pollak YW, Kirpensteijn J, Boroffka SA, van den Ingh TS, Teske E, Voorhout G. '''Comparison of ultrasonography, computed tomography, and single-photon emission computed tomography for the detection and localization of canine insulinoma.''' ''J Vet Intern Med. 2005 Jan-Feb;19(1):15-22.''</ref>.
Ulceration and antral hyperplasia may also be visualised by '''endoscopy'''.
Ulceration and antral hyperplasia may also be visualised by '''endoscopy'''.
==Treatment==
==Treatment==
Ideally, the tumour should be excised surgically by performing a '''partial pancreatectomy'''. Intra-operative ultrasound scans can be performed if the mass is not evident within the pancreatic parenchyma. Any evident metastatic masses can also be biopsied or resected during the procedure. Gastric hyperacidity usually recurs soon after resection, probably due to the presence of extra-pancreatic metastases.
The somatostatin analogue '''octreotide''' has been used pre- and post-opratively in the management of gastrinomas <ref>Altschul M, Simpson KW, Dykes NL, Mauldin EA, Reubi JC, Cummings JF. '''Evaluation of somatostatin analogues for the detection and treatment of gastrinoma in a dog.''' ''J Small Anim Pract. 1997 Jul;38(7):286-91.''</ref>but so few cases have been described that it is not clear if this therapy is beneficial. Adjunctive therapy with [[Gastroprotective Drugs|'''gastro-protectants''']] such as sucralfate and with '''inhibitors of gastric acid secretion''' (such as omeprazole, ranitidine or cimetidine) is also indicated to reduce the severity of gastro-duodenal ulceration and the signs it causes.
==Prognosis==
==Prognosis==
In approximately 85% of cases, gastrinomas have metastasised at the time of diagnosis and the tumour is likely to recur after surgical resection.
==References==
==References==
<references/>
<references/>
[http://w3.vet.cornell.edu/nst/nst.asp?Fun=Image&imgID=7762 Image of pancreatic garstrinoma in a dog from Cornell Veterinary Medicine]
[http://w3.vet.cornell.edu/nst/nst.asp?Fun=Image&imgID=7762 Image of pancreatic garstrinoma in a dog from Cornell Veterinary Medicine]
Ettinger, S.J, Feldman, E.C. (2005) '''Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine''' (6th edition, volume 2)
Ettinger, S.J, Feldman, E.C. (2005) '''Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine''' (6th edition, volume 2)