The serological tests detect anti-lipopolysaccharide antibodies. The LPS antigen is present in virulent as well as some vaccine strains therefore vaccination may confuse serological testing. False positives may be seen due to cross-reaction with LPS in other bacteria. Modified Ziehl-Neelson stains reveal organisms in samples from cotyledons, uterine discharge and foetal abomasal contents. PCR is used for detection in tissue. | The serological tests detect anti-lipopolysaccharide antibodies. The LPS antigen is present in virulent as well as some vaccine strains therefore vaccination may confuse serological testing. False positives may be seen due to cross-reaction with LPS in other bacteria. Modified Ziehl-Neelson stains reveal organisms in samples from cotyledons, uterine discharge and foetal abomasal contents. PCR is used for detection in tissue. |