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They are permanent ectoparasites, feeding on the host.  The female fly produce a single larvae at a time, and the larvae are held back until they are ready to pupate.  The larvae then undergo three larval stages before becoming fully developed.  Pupation of the larvae occurs, and they are clearly seen on the fleeces of the sheep.  These then later emerge as adults.
 
They are permanent ectoparasites, feeding on the host.  The female fly produce a single larvae at a time, and the larvae are held back until they are ready to pupate.  The larvae then undergo three larval stages before becoming fully developed.  Pupation of the larvae occurs, and they are clearly seen on the fleeces of the sheep.  These then later emerge as adults.
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'''Pathogenesis'''
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*Most numerous in '''autumn and winter'''
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*Located in the superficial layers of the fleece
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**This aids transmission
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*Long wooled breeds are most susceptible to infection
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*Cause anaemia
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*Wool damage
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**Irritation and self-inflicted damage
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**Staining by ked faeces
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*Intermediate host for non-pathogenic ''Trypanosoma melophagium'' in sheep
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'''Control'''
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*Sheep dipping and spraying
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*Shearing to decrease numbers
      
[[Category:Hippoboscidae]]
 
[[Category:Hippoboscidae]]
 
[[Category:To_Do_-_Max]]
 
[[Category:To_Do_-_Max]]
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