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Feline Infectious Peritonitis (view source)
Revision as of 12:39, 28 July 2010
, 12:39, 28 July 2010no edit summary
Cats compromised by immunosuppression (either iatrogenic or disease-related) are at a greater risk of developing FIP.
Cats compromised by immunosuppression (either iatrogenic or disease-related) are at a greater risk of developing FIP.
==History and Clinical signs==
FECoV may cause mild respiratory symptoms and diarrhoea but is often asymptomatic.
Signs of FIP include, chronic weight loss, anorexia, pyrexia, depression, fever and [[Vasculitis|vasculitis]].
Fluid in the abdomen, thorax or pericardium are symptomatic of wet FIP.
Granulomatous change in the organs are symptomatic of dry FIP.
FIP has also been documented to cause:
Uveitis, [[Congenital and Neonatal Disease - Pathology #Hydrocephalus| hydrocephalus]], neurological symptoms, such as ataxia or [[CNS Seizures - Pathology|seizures]] and chronic [[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]].
==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
FIP should be suspected in all cases of chronic weight loss or recurrent fever unresponsive to antibiotics, particularly in multiple cat situations.
FIP should be suspected in all cases of chronic weight loss or recurrent fever unresponsive to antibiotics, particularly in multiple cat situations.
Simple serology is impossible as most cats will have antibody to FECoV.
Simple serology is impossible as most cats will have antibody to FECoV.
===Laboratory Tests===
===Laboratory Tests===
Cats making a biased [[Adaptive Immune System - WikiBlood #Cellular response: Proliferation and Differentiation|Th-1]] response are more likely to evade infection, whereas cats making a balanced response are at moderate risk and cats making a biased [[Adaptive Immune System - WikiBlood #Cellular response: Proliferation and Differentiation| Th-2]] response are at greater risk, as the virus is best tackled by cell mediation and not antibody.
Cats making a biased [[Adaptive Immune System - WikiBlood #Cellular response: Proliferation and Differentiation|Th-1]] response are more likely to evade infection, whereas cats making a balanced response are at moderate risk and cats making a biased [[Adaptive Immune System - WikiBlood #Cellular response: Proliferation and Differentiation| Th-2]] response are at greater risk, as the virus is best tackled by cell mediation and not antibody.
==Pathology==
==Pathology==
====Gross====
====Gross====
'''Wet form'''
Widespread miliary, white, pinhead granulomas and fibrin deposition, particularly in the serosa of the [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small]] and [[Large Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology |large intestine]]
Widespread miliary, white, pinhead granulomas and fibrin deposition, particularly in the serosa of the [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small]] and [[Large Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology |large intestine]]
High-protein exudates can be found in [[Peritoneal cavity - Anatomy & Physiology|peritoneal cavity]].
High-protein exudates can be found in [[Peritoneal cavity - Anatomy & Physiology|peritoneal cavity]].
'''Dry form'''
Larger, grey granulomatous masses causing thickening of the wall of the [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small]] and [[Large Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|large intestine]].
Larger, grey granulomatous masses causing thickening of the wall of the [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small]] and [[Large Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|large intestine]].
==Treatment==
==Treatment==
Immunomodulators including interferon have been used to control the virus and Dr. Diane Addie at Glasgow vet school has found that cats do respond to this form of treatment.
Immunomodulators including interferon have been used to control the virus and Dr. Diane Addie at Glasgow vet school has found that cats do respond to this form of treatment.
Immunosuppressive drugs such as [[Steroids| prednisolone]] or cyclophosphamide may slow disease progression.
Immunosuppressive drugs such as [[Steroids| prednisolone]] or cyclophosphamide may slow disease progression.
Cats should recieve widespread [[Antibiotics|antibiotics]] and suppotive therapy.
Cats should recieve widespread [[Antibiotics|antibiotics]] and suppotive therapy.
The disease is almost invariably fatal.
==Control==
==Control==
Conventional [[Vaccines - WikiBlood| vaccination]] is counterproductive as antibody worsens infection however a non-systemic vaccine (Primucell) is available outside the UK. Replication confined to nasal mucosa, providing local immunity and cell-mediated immunity and it cannot protect cats already infected with FECoV.
Conventional [[Vaccines - WikiBlood| vaccination]] is counterproductive as antibody worsens infection however a non-systemic vaccine (Primucell) is available outside the UK. Replication confined to nasal mucosa, providing local immunity and cell-mediated immunity and it cannot protect cats already infected with FECoV.
Antibody tests are available to certify FECoV-free cat houses.
Antibody tests are available to certify FECoV-free cat houses.
==References==
==References==
Ettinger, S.J, Feldman, E.C. (2005) Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine (6th edition, volume 2)
Ettinger, S.J, Feldman, E.C. (2005) '''Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine''' (6th edition, volume 2)
Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) '''Small Animal Internal Medicine''' (Fourth Edition) ''Mosby Elsevier''.
[[Category:Coronaviridae]][[Category:Cat]]
[[Category:Coronaviridae]][[Category:Cat]]
[[Category:Enteritis, Granulomatous]]
[[Category:Enteritis, Granulomatous]]