Changes

===NSAIDs===

===NSAIDs===

Vet Ther. 2009 Fall;10(3):113-20.

As in [[Gastric ulceration - all species|other species]], nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)have been shown to cause gastric ulcers in horses. Typicaly this is associated with high doses or frequent administration of phenylbutazone or flunixin meglumine.  However, although there is evidence to the contrary,<ref>Andrews, F.M, Reinemeyer, C.R, Longhofer, S.L (2009) Effects of top-dress formulations of suxibuzone and phenylbutazone on development of gastric ulcers in horses. ''Vet Ther'', 10(3):113-20.</ref>therapeutic doses of NSAIDs may be sufficient to induce EGUS. Other studies have suggested that suxibuzone causes significantly less ulcerogenic effects than phenylbutazone when administered orally(Monreal et al. 2004) and that combination treatment with phenylbutazone and flunixin meglumine may be more dangerous than phenylbutazone alone.(Reed et al. 2006)

Effects of top-dress formulations of suxibuzone and phenylbutazone on development of gastric ulcers in horses. Andrews FM, Reinemeyer CR, Longhofer SL. These findings suggest that when administered at the recommended label dose for 15 days, neither PBZ nor SBZ causes an increase in the number or severity of gastric ulcers over what would be expected with traditional stabling and intermittent feeding patterns. Also, PBZ-treated horses did not have more severe gastric ulcers than SBZ-treated horses, indicating that SBZ does not appear to offer an advantage over PBZ in preventing gastric ulcers when used at recommended label doses.  

 

Administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been proven to cause ulcers in the glandular portion of the stomach (MacAllister et al. 1993), but in studies where primarily the squamous mucosa were studied, the same association was not evident (Hammond et al. 1986; Murray et al. 1989, 1996; McClure et al. 1999; Vatistas et al. 1999a; Rabuffo et al. 2002). (Jonssen 2006)

Administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been proven to cause ulcers in the glandular portion of the stomach (MacAllister et al. 1993), but in studies where primarily the squamous mucosa were studied, the same association was not evident (Hammond et al. 1986; Murray et al. 1989, 1996; McClure et al. 1999; Vatistas et al. 1999a; Rabuffo et al. 2002). (Jonssen 2006)

Models have also used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) to produce ulcers in ponies (Jones 1983; MacAllister and Sangiah 1993). Ulcers induced by the administration of NSAIDs may have a dissimilar endoscopic appearance to naturally occurring ulcers (D.R. Thompson, personal communication) and gastric ulceration in horses in race training is rarely associated with the administration of NSAIDs (Vatistas et al. 3994b; Murray et al. 1996; Vatistas 1998). In addition, ulcers caused by NSAID administration frequently affected the glandular mucosa (Furr and Murray 1989; Kuinaran and Bhuvanakumar 1994) and tended to heal spontaneously (Jones 1983; MacAllister and Sangiah 1993). both of which occunences are infrequent in the clinical setting (Vatistas and Snyder 1997; Vatistas 1998). (Vatistas 2 1999)

Ulcers induced by the administration of NSAIDs may have a dissimilar endoscopic appearance to naturally occurring ulcers (D.R. Thompson, personal communication) and gastric ulceration in horses in race training is rarely associated with the administration of NSAIDs (Vatistas et al. 3994b; Murray et al. 1996; Vatistas 1998). In addition, ulcers caused by NSAID administration frequently affected the glandular mucosa (Furr and Murray 1989; Kuinaran and Bhuvanakumar 1994) and tended to heal spontaneously (Jones 1983; MacAllister and Sangiah 1993). both of which occunences are infrequent in the clinical setting (Vatistas and Snyder 1997; Vatistas 1998). (Vatistas 2 1999)

===Temperament===

===Temperament===