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{{Factoid link
|link = Factoid - Anthrax}}
Also known as: '''''Anthracosis
==Description==
==Introduction==
[[File:Bacillus anthracis Gram.jpg|right|thumb|250px|<small><center> photomicrograph of ''Bacillus anthracis'' bacteria using Gram-stain technique. (CDC unknown, Wikimedia commons)</center></small>]]
Anthrax is a serious, often fatal zoonotic disease of wild and domestic mammals caused by the spore-forming bacterium ''[[Bacillus anthracis]]''. The disease has been reported worldwide (particularly in the tropical countries) and often occurs in outbreaks. The disease primarily affects herbivores but humans may be infected via contact with infected animal tissues, exposure to high concentrations of spores or contacted with infected animals.
Anthrax is a serious, often fatal zoonotic disease of wild and domestic mammals caused by the spore-forming bacterium ''[[Bacillus anthracis]]''. The disease has been reported worldwide (particularly in the tropical countries) and often occurs in outbreaks. The disease primarily affects herbivores but humans may be infected via contact with infected animal tissues, exposure to high concentrations of spores or contacted with infected animals.
==Clinical Signs==
==Clinical Signs==
===Ruminants and Horses===
===Ruminants and Horses===
The incubation period of the disease is approximately three to seven days. Often animals may be '''discovered dead''' in the field before any clinical signs have been observed. In general, in non-immunised ruminants and horses the disease is characterised by sudden death, peracute septicaemia, bleeding from orifices and subcutaneous haemorrhages. Other clinical signs including the following have been described:
* Acute onset severe pyrexia
* Acute onset severe pyrexia
==Control==
==Control==
Animals in endemic areas should be vaccinated on an annual basis with the '''non-encapsulated Sterne strain vaccine'''. As the vaccine is live, antibiotics should not be administered within one week of vaccination.
Animals in endemic areas should be vaccinated on an annual basis with the '''non-encapsulated Sterne strain vaccine'''. As the vaccine is live, antibiotics should not be administered within one week of vaccination.
{{Learning
|literature review = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?rowId=1&options1=AND&q1=%28%28title%3A%28anthracosis%29%29%29+OR+%28%28title%3A%28Anthrax%29%29%29&occuring1=freetext&rowId=2&options2=AND&q2=&occuring2=freetext&rowId=3&options3=AND&q3=&occuring3=freetext&publishedstart=2000&publishedend=yyyy&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&la=any&it=any&show=all&x=47&y=9 Anthrax publications since 2000]
|full text = [http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2007/20073085070.pdf ''' Anthrax - the forgotten plague.''' Clark, C.; Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada, Large Animal Veterinary Rounds, 2006, 6, 10, pp 1-6, 11 ref]
}}
==References==
==References==
* Jones, T. C., Hunt, R. D., King, N. W. (1997) '''Veterinary Pathology''' ''Wiley-Blackwell''
* Jones, T. C., Hunt, R. D., King, N. W. (1997) '''Veterinary Pathology''' ''Wiley-Blackwell''
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