Changes

====Pathology====

====Pathology====

Martineau and co-workers (2009) demonstrated that in a mixed population of horses, a wide range of lesions associated with EGUS could be found at post-mortem.<ref name="Martineau">Martineau, H, Thompson, H, Taylor, D (2009) Pathology of gastritis and gastric ulceration in the horse. Part 1: range of lesions present in 21 mature individuals.  ''Equine Vet J'',41(7):638-44.</ref>  These included hyperkeratosis, punctate scars, diffuse erosions or ulcerations and ''margo injuria'' in the squamous region and hyperaemia, focal erosions and ulcerations in the glandular region.  A novel finding was glandular metaplasia which may be evidence of a protective mechanism developing in response to acid exposure.<ref name="Martineau">Martineau, H, Thompson, H, Taylor, D (2009) Pathology of gastritis and gastric ulceration in the horse. Part 1: range of lesions present in 21 mature individuals.  ''Equine Vet J'',41(7):638-44.</ref>  The authors then devised a pathological scoring system - the '''Equine Gastritis Grading (EGG) system''' - which uses 5 samples of gastric mucosa taken from specific regions of the equine stomach.  For each of these, the inflammatory infiltrate is graded by type, density and location, reactive changes are classified in both squamous and glandular samples and the presence or absence of infectious agents and lymphoid follicles is noted.<ref name="Martineau 2">Martineau, H, Thompson, H, Taylor, D (2009) Pathology of gastritis and gastric ulceration in the horse. Part 2: a scoring system.  ''Equine Vet J'',41(7):646-51.</ref>  From their findings, a pathogenesis for the development of lesions in the squamous region was proposed:

Martineau and co-workers (2009) demonstrated that in a mixed population of horses, a wide range of lesions associated with EGUS could be found at post-mortem.<ref name="Martineau">Martineau, H, Thompson, H, Taylor, D (2009) Pathology of gastritis and gastric ulceration in the horse. Part 1: range of lesions present in 21 mature individuals.  ''Equine Vet J'',41(7):638-44.</ref>  These included hyperkeratosis, punctate scars, diffuse erosions or ulcerations and ''margo injuria'' in the squamous region and hyperaemia, focal erosions and ulcerations in the glandular region.  A novel finding was glandular metaplasia which may be evidence of a protective mechanism developing in response to acid exposure.<ref name="Martineau">Martineau, H, Thompson, H, Taylor, D (2009) Pathology of gastritis and gastric ulceration in the horse. Part 1: range of lesions present in 21 mature individuals.  ''Equine Vet J'',41(7):638-44.</ref>  The authors then devised a pathological scoring system - the '''Equine Gastritis Grading (EGG) system''' - which uses 5 samples of gastric mucosa taken from specific regions of the equine stomach.  For each of these, the inflammatory infiltrate is graded by type, density and location, reactive changes are classified in both squamous and glandular samples and the presence or absence of infectious agents and lymphoid follicles is noted.<ref name="Martineau 2">Martineau, H, Thompson, H, Taylor, D (2009) Pathology of gastritis and gastric ulceration in the horse. Part 2: a scoring system.  ''Equine Vet J'',41(7):646-51.</ref>  From their findings, a pathogenesis for the development of lesions in the squamous region was proposed: