In addition to the above signs, signs relating to endotoxaemia may be present including prolonged capillary refill time, congested mucous membranes.
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In addition to the above signs, signs relating to endotoxaemia may be present including prolonged capillary refill time, congested mucous membranes and poor pulse quality.
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===Diagnosis===
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Diagnosis is made on the above clinical signs and a combination of confirmatory tests. Large volumes of nasogastric reflux may be obtained; greater than 2L of fluid with a pH greater than 5 is considered abnormal. Rectal examination may indicate multiple distended loops of small intestine, a finding which is a strong indication for surgical intervention.