Changes

{{Taxobox

{{Taxobox

|name              =Capillaria spp.

|name              =Capillaria spp.

|kingdom            =Animalia

|kingdom            =Animalia

|phylum            =Nematoda

|phylum            =[[Nematoda]]

|class              =Adenophorea

|class              =Adenophorea

|sub-class          =Enoplia

|sub-class          =Enoplia

==Identification==

==Identification==

Capillaria are extremely thin, filamentous worms measuring 15-25mm long in males and 35-80mm long in females. Males have a single spicule and many have a primitive bursa like structure. The eggs have bipolar plugs and thick shells, the size can vary between species.

Capillaria are extremely thin, filamentous worms measuring 15-25mm long (males) and 35-80mm long (females). Males have a single spicule and many have a primitive bursa like structure. The eggs have bipolar plugs and thick shells, the size can vary between species.

==Important Species==

==Important Species==

===''C. annulata''===

===''C. annulata''===

This species affects many species of wild birds as well as domesticated poultry and ducks. The earthworm is the intermediate host for this species, making it difficult to control. Young birds are more susceptible to the disease will immune adults may be carriers. The predeliction site for this worm is the oesophagus of the bird where it will bury the anterior end into the mucosa causing inflammation. High levels can resulted in marked thickening of the oesophageal wall and can be fatal. The presence of these worms in low numbers may be a cause of ill thrift in production birds, though in high number emaciation can be seen. Clinical signs may appear very rapidly with heavy burdens, before the presence of eggs in the faeces, and so diagnosis is usually made on necropsy examination of the oesophagus and crop.  

This species affects many species of wild birds as well as domesticated poultry and ducks. The earthworm is the intermediate host for this species, making it difficult to control. Young birds are more susceptible to the disease. Immune adults may be carriers. The predeliction site for this worm is the oesophagus of the bird where it will bury the anterior end into the mucosa causing inflammation. High levels can result in marked thickening of the oesophageal wall and can be fatal. The presence of these worms in low numbers may be a cause of ill thrift in production birds, though in high number emaciation can be seen. Clinical signs may appear very rapidly with heavy burdens, before the presence of eggs in the faeces, and so diagnosis is usually made on necropsy examination of the oesophagus and crop.  

===''C. contorta''===

===''C. contorta''===

===''C. aerophila''===

===''C. aerophila''===

''Capillaria aerophila'' is associated with [[Respiratory Parasitic Infections - Pathology#Capillaria aerophila|respiratory disease]] of cats and dogs. The worm can be found in the [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of rhinitis|nasal passages]], [[Paranasal Sinuses Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of sinusitis|sinuses]], [[Trachea Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of traacheitis|trachea]] and [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|bronchi]]. The presence of the worms causes a mild catharral inflammation and can cause coughing in dogs but not in all cases.In heavy infestation may cause obstruction of the lumen of airways and may develop into secondary [[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Bronchopneumonia|bronchopneumonia]]

''Capillaria aerophila'' is associated with [[Respiratory Parasitic Infections - Pathology#Capillaria aerophila|respiratory disease]] of cats and dogs. The worm can be found in the [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of rhinitis|nasal passages]], [[Paranasal Sinuses Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of sinusitis|sinuses]], [[Trachea Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of traacheitis|trachea]] and [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|bronchi]]. The presence of the worms causes a mild catarrhal inflammation and can cause coughing in dogs but not in all cases. In heavy infestation may cause obstruction of the lumen of airways and may develop into secondary [[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Bronchopneumonia|bronchopneumonia]]

[[Category:Trichinelloidea]]

[[Category:Trichinelloidea]]

[[Category:Respiratory Parasitic Infections]]

[[Category:Respiratory Parasitic Infections]]

[[Category:Dog]]

[[Category:Dog Parasites]]

[[Category:Cat]]

[[Category:Cat Parasites]]

[[Category:Poultry Parasites]]

[[Category:To_Do_-_NickJ]]

[[Category:To_Do_-_NickJ]]

[[Category:To_Do_-_Review]]

[[Category:Expert_Review]]