Reduced feed intake is often the first clinical sign. Cows often refuse grain before forage. In group-fed
+
Decreased milk yield, lethargy and an “empty” appearing abdomen.Rumen motility is variable, but often hypoactive following reduced intake.
+
Central Nervous System disturbances are present in a minority of cases and include incoordination, agression excesssive licking and chewing and occassionally bellowing.