Changes

There is usually a single large necrotic focus in the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] that is sometimes partially liquefied in the centre, and an irregular outline with a hyperaemic edge.

There is usually a single large necrotic focus in the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] that is sometimes partially liquefied in the centre, and an irregular outline with a hyperaemic edge.

=====Microscopically=====

===Microscopically===

*presence of Clostridia post mortem must be interpreted with great caution as they are common post mortem invaders

The presence of Clostridia post mortem must be interpreted with great caution as they are common post mortem invaders.

*FAT for organism

*FAT for organism

*identification of toxins

*identification of toxins

**need this for diagnosis

**need this for diagnosis

=====Treatment=====

==Treatment==

*unlikely

It is unlikely that cases are recognised early enough for treatment to be effective.

*very high doses of penicillin or oxytetracycline

Very high doses of penicillin or oxytetracycline can be used and animals often need a blood transfusion if possible.

*blood transfusion

 

=====Prevention=====

=====Prevention=====

*vaccination lasts up to 6 months

Vaccination is available and lasts for up to 6 months. Liver fluke control should also be instituted to prevent any damage to the liver.

*[[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] fluke control

Infected carcasses should be removed from pasture as spores can survive for up to

*remove infected carcasses from pasture

NB: Distinguish Red Water from [[Black Disease]]!  The former will have bleeding out of any orifice while the latter does not

NB: Distinguish Red Water from [[Black Disease]]!  The former will have bleeding out of any orifice while the latter does not

[[Category:Cattle]][[Category:Sheep]][[Category:Hepatitis,_Bacterial]]

[[Category:Cattle]][[Category:Sheep]][[Category:Hepatitis,_Bacterial]]

[[Category:To_Do_-_Caz]]

[[Category:To_Do_-_Caz]]