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Created page with "* Neutrophilia is an increase in the number of neutrophils in the blood. * Neutrophilia is often accompanied by the release of substantial numbers of immature neutrophils into th..."
* Neutrophilia is an increase in the number of neutrophils in the blood.
* Neutrophilia is often accompanied by the release of substantial numbers of immature neutrophils into the blood stream.
** Do not have segmented nuclei.
*** Nuclei appear as elongated bent tubes in the cytoplasm .
** Are called "band cells".
** The presence of band cells in the blood represent an intense need for neutrophils due to them being lost in the purulence.
** When the percentage of these immature forms is high, it is referred to as a "left shift".
===Causes of Neutrophilia===
Purulent Foci:
* Purulent foci and abscesses in the body produce substantial neutrophilia.
* For example, neutrophilia is produced in
** Pyometra
*** Pus in the uterus.
** Empyema
*** Pus in a body cavity
**** E.g. [[:Category:Nocardia species|''Nocardia'']] infection in the thoracic cavity.
* In very severe infections, such at those above, the neutrophil granules become more apparent in the cytoplasm and stain bluish, and some cytoplasmic vacuolation may be seen.
** These 'toxic' neutrophils have decreased bactericidal capability and do not respond as quickly to chemotactic stimuli.
Bacteria
* Bacteria,particularly pyogenic forms, cause neutrophilia.
Necrosis
* Necrosis of any kind will result in neutrophilia.
** Necrosis from burns, malignancies and infection are particularly involved.
Fungi
* For example, [[Aspergillus spp.|aspergillosis]].
Viruses
* Neutrophils may be present, but are not the main component of inflammaory cells.
* Examples:
** [[Paramyxoviridae#Canine Distemper Virus (CDV)|Canine Distemper]]
** [[Herpesviridae|Equine Herpes Rhinotracheitis]]
** [[Herpesviridae#Bovine herpesvirus -1|Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis]]
Parasites
* Neutrophils may be present, but are not the main componentof inflammatory cells.
* Examples
** [[Trematodes|''Fasciola hepatica'']]
** [[Toxoplasma|''Toxoplasma gondii'']]
Immune-Mediated Conditions
* Neutrophils may be present, but are not the main component of inflammatory cells.
* Examples:
** Rheumatoid arthritis
** Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
** Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia
Other Factors
* Other factors which will produce a neutrophilia are:
** Excitement, fear, and strenuous exercise in young animals.
** Corticosteroids; either :
*** Released endogenously in pain or thermal stress, or
*** Exogenous therapeutic administration.
**** Neutrophilia oocures 4-8 hours post administration of the corticosteroid drug.
[[Category:Inflammation]]
* Neutrophilia is often accompanied by the release of substantial numbers of immature neutrophils into the blood stream.
** Do not have segmented nuclei.
*** Nuclei appear as elongated bent tubes in the cytoplasm .
** Are called "band cells".
** The presence of band cells in the blood represent an intense need for neutrophils due to them being lost in the purulence.
** When the percentage of these immature forms is high, it is referred to as a "left shift".
===Causes of Neutrophilia===
Purulent Foci:
* Purulent foci and abscesses in the body produce substantial neutrophilia.
* For example, neutrophilia is produced in
** Pyometra
*** Pus in the uterus.
** Empyema
*** Pus in a body cavity
**** E.g. [[:Category:Nocardia species|''Nocardia'']] infection in the thoracic cavity.
* In very severe infections, such at those above, the neutrophil granules become more apparent in the cytoplasm and stain bluish, and some cytoplasmic vacuolation may be seen.
** These 'toxic' neutrophils have decreased bactericidal capability and do not respond as quickly to chemotactic stimuli.
Bacteria
* Bacteria,particularly pyogenic forms, cause neutrophilia.
Necrosis
* Necrosis of any kind will result in neutrophilia.
** Necrosis from burns, malignancies and infection are particularly involved.
Fungi
* For example, [[Aspergillus spp.|aspergillosis]].
Viruses
* Neutrophils may be present, but are not the main component of inflammaory cells.
* Examples:
** [[Paramyxoviridae#Canine Distemper Virus (CDV)|Canine Distemper]]
** [[Herpesviridae|Equine Herpes Rhinotracheitis]]
** [[Herpesviridae#Bovine herpesvirus -1|Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis]]
Parasites
* Neutrophils may be present, but are not the main componentof inflammatory cells.
* Examples
** [[Trematodes|''Fasciola hepatica'']]
** [[Toxoplasma|''Toxoplasma gondii'']]
Immune-Mediated Conditions
* Neutrophils may be present, but are not the main component of inflammatory cells.
* Examples:
** Rheumatoid arthritis
** Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
** Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia
Other Factors
* Other factors which will produce a neutrophilia are:
** Excitement, fear, and strenuous exercise in young animals.
** Corticosteroids; either :
*** Released endogenously in pain or thermal stress, or
*** Exogenous therapeutic administration.
**** Neutrophilia oocures 4-8 hours post administration of the corticosteroid drug.
[[Category:Inflammation]]