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==Introduction==

==Description==

'''Rectal prolapse''' is defined as the protrusion of the rectal mucosa from the anus. It can be classified as complete or incomplete.  A complete prolapse involves all layers of the rectal wall whereas an incomplete prolapse only involves the mucosal layer.

'''Rectal prolapse''' is defined as the protrusion of the rectal mucosa from the anus. It can be classified as complete or incomplete.  A complete prolapse involves all layers of the rectal wall whereas an incomplete prolapse only involves the mucosal layer.

|Dystocia

|Dystocia

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|Extensive [[LUT Neoplasia - Pathology# Transitional cell carcinoma|transitional cell carcinoma]] of the bladder in cats

|Extensive [[Bladder Neoplasia# Transitional cell carcinoma|transitional cell carcinoma]] of the bladder in cats

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[[WikiWords#Endoparasite|Endoparasite]] infestations and enteritis are more common in young animals whereas tumours or [[Perineal Hernia|perineal hernias]] are more common in middle-aged to older animals.

[[WikiWords#Endoparasite|Endoparasite]] infestations and enteritis are more common in young animals whereas tumours or [[Perineal Hernia|perineal hernias]] are more common in middle-aged to older animals.

==Signalment==

==Signalment==

No breed predisposition but may occur more often in Manx cats due to anal laxity

No breed,sex, or age predisposition but occurs more commonly in younger animals with endoparasitic infections. Also occurs more often in Manx cats due to anal laxity.

Image:Manx.jpg|''Manx Cat'' (image sourced form WikiMedia commons, Jonik 2004)

==Diagnosis==

==Diagnosis==

Protrusion of a red, elongated, swollen cylindrical mass from the [[Anus - Anatomy & Physiology|anus]] is seen.  It is vital to differentiate a rectal prolapse from an ileocolic [[Intussusception|intussusception]].  This can be done by passing a probe adjacent to the anus.  With a rectal prolapse, the probe cannot be successfully passed.

Protrusion of a red, elongated, swollen cylindrical mass from the [[Anus - Anatomy & Physiology|anus]] is seen.  It is vital to differentiate a rectal prolapse from an ileocolic [[Intussusception|intussusception]].  This can be done by passing a probe adjacent to the anus.  With a rectal prolapse, the probe cannot be successfully passed.

The everted tissue becomes [[Oedema - Pathology|oedematous]], which prevents it from being retracted back into the pelvic canal.  The exposed tissue is vulnerable, and depending on the duration of the prolapse, this can lead to inflammation, haemorrhage, [[Venous Congestion and Hyperaemia - Pathology|congestion]] and ulceration.

The everted tissue becomes [[Oedema|oedematous]], which prevents it from being retracted back into the pelvic canal.  The exposed tissue is vulnerable, and depending on the duration of the prolapse, this can lead to inflammation, haemorrhage, [[Venous Congestion|congestion]] and ulceration.

===Laboratory Tests===

===Laboratory Tests===

==Prognosis==

==Prognosis==

Prognosis is poor in untreated cases of chronic rectal prolapse. The prognosis for surgical patients is good provided the underlying cause is appropriately addressed.

Prognosis is poor in untreated cases of chronic rectal prolapse. The prognosis for surgical patients is good provided the underlying cause is appropriately addressed.

==References==

==References==

   

   

[[Category:Recto-Anal - Pathology]]

[[Category:Recto-Anal - Pathology]]

[[Category:To_Do_-_Caz]]

[[Category:Rectal and Anal Diseases - Dog]]

[[Category:Rectal and Anal Diseases - Cat]]

[[Category:Expert_Review]]

[[Category:Expert_Review]]